We study repeated legislative bargaining in an assembly that chooses its bargaining rules endogenously, and whose members face an election after each legislative term. An agenda protocol or bargaining rule assigns to each legislator a probability of being recognized to make a policy proposal in the assembly. We predict that the agenda protocol chosen in equilibrium disproportionately favors mor...

Background: The legislative review of the criminal record on the crime of repetition and the severity of the punishment for repeated offenders indicates that the legislator firstly used various laws to include repetition of crime, and in some cases such as drug offenses and for criminal reasons. It has taken into account a certain degree of exacerbation that is markedly different from what is s...

The paper describes a research in progress analyzing legislative documents handled in the Finnish parliament and government, and studying means for developing standards for the documents. The current document management status in the Finnish parliament and government as well as problems in the management are described. The paper discusses the special features of legislative documents and shows ...

his paper analyzes the legislative influence of upper houses in bicameral legislatures. We note the existence of two separate analytical traditions, one focusing on upper house expertise, the other on upper house power. We hypothesize that because legislative analyses of unitary systems focus primarily on the "efficient" aspects of upper house input, they tend to emphasize senatorial expertise....

In the United States, spam, unsolicited bulk or commercial e-mail, is considered to be a significant problem for both consumers and Internet Service Providers. It is currently attracting a patchwork of state level legislative actions as well as proposed federal legislative initiatives. While spam engenders numerous policy concerns, two issues, the jurisdictional domain and the transfer of costs...

Citation: Suaria G, Aliani S, Merlino S and Abbate M (2018) The Occurrence of Paraffin and Other Petroleum Waxes in the Marine Environment: A Review of the Current Legislative Framework and Shipping Operational Practices. Front. Mar. Sci. 5:94. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2018.00094 The Occurrence of Paraffin and Other Petroleum Waxes in the Marine Environment: A Review of the Current Legislative Framew...

1. General legislative procedures in environmental control 2. Legislative procedures concerning ambient air quality standards 3. The social and economical aspects in setting air quality standards. 4. Summary of the WHO guidelines 4.1 Guideline values based on effects other than cancer 4.2. Criteria Based on Carcinogenic Effects 4.3. Guidelines Based on Ecological Effects on Vegetation 4.4 . Use...

Supporters of legislative term limits often claim that they will lower state spending levels. Using fiscal data from 48 states from 1977 to 2001, this paper finds little support for this assertion. Instead, this analysis finds that states with term limits have higher spending levels than states without term limits. These results suggest that term limits give legislators greater incentives to de...