Impinging jets are characterized by an acoustic feedback resonance capable of generating intense tones. This investigation examines changes in single impinging jet (SIJ) dynamics when another is added alongside to form a dual (DIJ) arrangement interest vertical takeoff and landing applications. The emphasis on the hydrodynamic coupling region between jets, which affects aircraft surface loading...

Abstract Recent philosophical accounts of discrimination face challenges in accommodating robust intuitions about the particular way which it is wrongful—most prominently, intuition that discriminatory actions intrinsically violate equality irrespective their contingent consequences. The paper suggests we understand normative structure a different from one implicitly assumed by these accounts. ...

In this paper, we explore third parties who unexpectedly fell within the legal definition of a sex trafficker. The anti-trafficking lobby and media stories frequently portray traffickers as organised, psychopathic, violent, child kidnappers. We dismantle these depictions by showing unexpected people qualify traffickers. This paper incorporates findings from two studies involving eighty-five in ...

The International Law Association (ILA) and the Institut de Droit (IDI) were both founded in 1873 at a critical juncture history of pacifism internationalism, immediate aftermath 1870–1871 Franco-Prussian War 1872 British-American Alabama arbitration. Frustrated by blatant violations international rules during war then emboldened arbitral resolution protracted dispute between Britain United Sta...

T he Internet gives vendors an easy way to set up shop for electronic commerce throughout the world. In an extension of mailand phone-order transactions, customers usually pay for e-commerce goods and services through a credit card. The transmission of credit card numbers requires vendor sites to support encryption through the Secure Sockets Layer1 or Transport Layer Security2 protocols. SSL ca...

A fundamental challenge in robotics is to reason with incomplete domain knowledge to explain unexpected observations and partial descriptions extracted from sensor observations. Existing explanation generation systems draw on ideas that can be mapped to a multidimensional space of system characteristics, defined by distinctions, such as how they represent knowledge and if and how they reason wi...

Ontologies describe a conceptualization of a part of the world relevant to some application. What are the units of conceptualizations? Current ontologies often equate concepts with words from natural languages. Words are certainly not the smallest units of conceptualization, neither are the sets of synonyms of WordNet or other linguistically justified units. I suggest to take distinctions as ba...