Nigeria has been facing the immense challenge of international trafficking in persons for sexual exploitation and forced labor into countries in Europe, Asia and Africa. Being an international criminal activity driven by high profits, Nigeria's adoption of a regulatory policy is expressed in the series of legal provisions to deal with the army of traffickers. In desperation, within a space of 1...

OBJECTIVES To describe and analyse the cigarette smuggling trade in Belgium and its role in the international cigarette black market. DESIGN Analysis of Belgian customs and prosecution files concerning the cigarette smuggling trade in the period 2000 to 2006 and interviews with law enforcement authorities and private tobacco industry. RESULTS Analyses were made of the geographical aspects, ...

Dr. Borjas is the Robert W. Scrivner Professor of Economics and Social Policy at the John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. This Backgrounder is an expansion of Dr. Borjas’ article, “The Labor Demand Curve Is Downward Sloping: Reexamining the Impact of Immigration on the Labor Market,” published in the November 2003 issue of the Quarterly Journal of Economics (pp. 1335-1374)....

D rights management (DRM) is an important yet controversial issue in the information goods markets. Although DRM is supposed to help copyright owners by protecting digital content from illegal copying or distribution, it is controversial because DRM imposes restrictions on even legal users, and there are many industry practitioners who believe that the industry would be better off without DRM. ...

Throughout Southeast Asia, the situation today is essentially the same. A deadly combination of poorly regulated commercial logging and a thriving illegal timber trade are decimating forest resources across the region. According to the UN's Food and Agriculture Organization, SE Asia has the highest rate of deforestation in the world (Fahn 2003). Ecological destruction of this scale has profound...

Parking spaces play a vital role in the transportation system. Parking policies ensure the efficient of the transportation system and the management of traffic demand. Illegal parking practice can hamper sustainability of transportation system. This paper attempts to analyze the illegal parking behavior in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia. Car parking in the city of Jeddah is largely uncontrolled and ...

background: the termination of pregnancy before 20 th week of gestation is abortion. there is two type of abortion: spontaneous and induce (legal or illegal). the annual number of pregnancy in the world is estimated over 200 million and one third of them is unwanted pregnancy. 95% of unwanted pregnancy is happened in developing country such as iran. in iran, the high prevalence of unwanted preg...