background: according to the available evidence and experiments, problem-based learning is one of the most successful methods to achieve higher educational objectives. in this method, the discussion about the medical sybjects to be learned by the students is based on a real clinical case and participation of the students. various advantages and disadvantages of this method have been addressed i...

objective(s): there is controversial evidence about the effect of methamphetamine (meth) on spatial memory. we tested the time- dependent effects of meth on spatial short-term (working) and long-term (reference) memory in meth –sensitized and withdrawn rats in the morris water maze. materials and methods: rats were sensitized to meth (2 mg/kg, daily/5 days, sc). rats were trained in water maze ...

Introduction: Origanum vulgare a rich source of natural phenolic antioxidants and has potential to be a source nutritional ingredients for functional food. Herbs such as Origanum have long been used in food preservation d in traditional medicine in the treatment of common ailments and have potential for positive modulation oxidation-linked diseases such as diabetes. Here we investigated t...

there are many discrepancies around the effect of sex hormones on spatial learning and memory in rodents. the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of chronic administration of estradiol (es) and testosterone (tes) on spatial memory in adult castrated male rats. cholinesterase activity of the hippocampus in treated animals was also measured to seek if hormonal treatment can ch...

literature review indicates that systemic agricultural human resource development interventions are rarely carried out in developing countries, and limited knowledge exists about how successful they are. learning transfer is the generalization of material learned, such as skills acquired or knowledge gained in training, back to the job. the main aim of this study was to analyze factors influenc...

the effect of teaching the learning and studying strategies on unsuccessful college students' development in urmia university of medical sciences     feizipour h [1] , zeinali a [2] *     received: 16 dec , 2012 accepted: 20 feb , 2013     abstract:   background & aims : educational failure is an important problem of most of the educational centers that needs urgent strategies. this study ...