A goal of second language (L2) learning is to enable learners to understand and speak L2 words without mediation through the first language (L1). However, psycholinguistic research suggests that lexical candidates are routinely activated in L1 when words in L2 are processed. In this article we describe two experiments that examined the acquisition of L2 lexical fluency. In Experiment 1, two gro...

Litt le is known about the acquisition of another language modality on second language (L2) working memory (WM) capacity. Diff erential indexing within the WM system based on language modality may explain diff erences in performance on WM tasks in sign and spoken language. We investigated the eff ect of language modality (sign versus spoken) on L2 WM capacity. Results indicated reduced L2 WM sp...

Despite the great degree of navigational freedom, however , not all hypermedia users have the capability to locate information or assimilate internal knowledge. Research findings suggest that this type of problem could be solved if users were able to hold a cognitive overview of the hypermedia structure. How a learner can acquire the correct structural knowledge of online information has become...

Whether fading support for problems affects accuracy of hypertext navigation and problem performance is investigated in this study. In a student-centered elearning environment conceptual support is added to help domain novices get an overview of the problem domain, while strategic support is provided to help domain novices get insight into the problem demands. It is assumed that such support he...

The present study serves as an attempt to shed light on any probable effect of self-regulation and motivation on the writing performance of Persian EFL language learners. To achieve the purpose, two questionnaires (on self-regulation and motivation) were employed as study tools and were distributed among 80 Persian EFL language learners. They were also required to write an essay. Analyzing the ...

Can motor learning be equivalent in younger and older adults? To address this question, 48 younger (M = 23.5 years) and 48 older (M = 65.0 years) participants learned to perform a golf-putting task in two different motor learning situations: one that resulted in infrequent errors or one that resulted in frequent errors. The results demonstrated that infrequent-error learning predominantly relie...

Research accounts on examining only the performance of a system are not sufficient, because they cannot establish principles about how technology affordances work with learners, and how one should go about improving the performance of the system. Therefore, in the current study, a mixed-method research methodology was undertaken in order to understand how 119 learners with different cognitive s...

The purpose of the study was to determine if learners who receive face-to-face instruction in an educational program performed statistically better on established benchmark assessments (GPA, course averages, and NBDHE) than learners at a distance from the didactic course instructor. A comparative, quasi-experimental, ex-post facto study was conducted. The treatment variable was program type: fa...

When people estimate their memory for to-be-learned material over multiple study-test trials, they tend to base their judgments of learning (JOLs) on their test performance for those materials on the previous trial. Their use of this information-known as the memory for past-test (MPT) heuristic-is believed to be responsible for improvements in the relative accuracy (resolution) of people's JOLs...

1. Introduction The purpose of this research is to investigate the variability of interlanguage that has been claimed in previous study by means of a corpus-based quantitative analysis. It aims to observe the style shifting of various grammatical features and word formation errors by tagging errors in 297 learners' data. Various studies have been undertaken to describe and explain the process o...