LEACH is a traditional clustering routing protocol in wireless sensor network. When selecting the cluster head, Leach does not consider sensor nodes’ energy and position information. It leads to uneven the distribution of cluster heads and uneven energy consumption of sensor nodes. Clustering routing protocols which are based on particle swarm optimization have been proposed to improve the perf...

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an emerging technology that shows great promise for various futuristic applications both for mass public and military. The sensing technology combined with processing power and wireless communication makes it lucrative for being exploited in abundance in future. They are very useful for military, environmental, and scientific applications to name a few. Routing ...

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) contains a large number of sensor nodes equipped with limited energy supplies. In most applications, sensor nodes are deployed in a random fashion. Therefore, battery replacement or charging is considered not practical. As a result, routing protocols must be energy-efficient to prolong the network’s lifetime. In this paper, we propose a new Dynamic Re-clustering ...

A large number of small tiny device called sensor nodes are use to develop wireless sensor network that can be effectively used as a tool for monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure and motion at different locations. There are two major issues, one is energy-efficient routing protocol and other is overall lifetime of the sensor network. This...

The LEACH is a popular protocol used in wireless sensor network analysis and simulation. This paper analyses the advantages and disadvantages of LEACH protocol and then puts forward a clustering routing protocol for energy balance of wireless sensor network based on simulated annealing and genetic algorithm. When the sensor nodes are deployed randomly in the area, Firstly, we cluster the sensor...

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have gained increasing attention from both the research community and actual users. The efficient utilization of energy source in a sensor node is very important criteria to prolong the life time of wireless sensor network. Wireless sensor networks have explored to many new protocols specifically designed for sensor networks where energy consideration is very cru...

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) as well as Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) suffer from various challenges like low bandwidth, overhead and velocity of nodes. This research contribution is the characterization study between MANETs and WSNs environment with respect to various routing protocols. This study investigates the routing protocols corresponding to packet delivery ratio, routing overhead,...

In this paper, the performance of a cluster-based wireless sensor network is studied when an adaptive transmission probability scheme is used to form the clusters. The cluster scheme is based on the well-known LEACH protocol, which organizes the nodes inside a wireless sensor network in clusters in order to distribute the energy load of each node. However, unlike LEACH, nodes are chosen to be c...

Recent collections of isopods in Alboran Island and Algeria included several specimens of the species Stenosoma stephensenisp. n. This is the fourteenth species described in the genus Stenosoma Leach, 1814. Examination of two specimens collected during the Danish oceanographic cruises of the Thor (1908-10) close to the Galite Islands, and identified as Stenosoma acuminatum Leach, 1814, revealed...