AIMS To determine the effects of heat and composting treatments on the viability of the plant pathogen Phytophthora ramorum grown on both artificial and various natural substrates. METHODS AND RESULTS Phytophthora ramorum was grown on V8 agar, inoculated on bay laurel leaves (Umbellularia californica) and on woody tissues of coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia). Effects on growth, viability and...

Linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) were used to assess the fates of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) released to a large urban harbor and the adjoining offshore waters. We found that particulate concentrations of the individual C12 LAB isomers in 1996 summertime surface waters decreased from 1 pM in Boston Harbor to 20-200 fM in coastal Massachusetts and Cape Cod Bays. Levels fell to only a few fM...

Laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) is a strict endemic species of natural vegetation the Mediterranean region, which known for its medicinal, aromatic, forestry, ornamental and culinary properties. This produces valuable essential oil (EO). The content EO composition depend on different factors, e.g., genetic, cultural practices environmental conditions. Among these, salt stress major limiting factor, ...

One hundred and eighty 7-week-old laying quail were fed various diets over a 12-week period. The diets included a control diet (without essential oil mixture (EOM) or antibiotics (ANTs)), a basal diet including EOM (24 mg/kg feed), and a basal diet including an ANT (avilamycin, 10 mg/kg feed). Each treatment comprised 4 replications with 4 cages (15 quail per cage), amounting to 60 quail per tr...

infection with helicobacter pyloriis the most common cause of stomach and duodenal ulcers. about more than 80 % of people are infected with h. pylori in developing countries. h. pyloriuses urease enzyme product “ammonia” in order to neutralize and protect itself from the stomach acidic condition and urease enzyme activity has been shown to be essential to the colonization of h. pylori. inhibito...