This is an extension of earlier work on vocal tract area function modelling (Fant, 1960, 1992, 1993; Lin, 1990) retaining a minimum of three independent control parameters in a more complex, physiologically oriented model providing a flexible choice of detail structure. Systematic perturbation analysis of vocal tract boundary conditions and of values of the independent control parameters have b...

The kymograph, one of the main devices used in early experimental phonetics, was quickly exploited to describe the sounds of languages in sub-Saharan Africa. By 1926, Doke used this device in its phonetics Zulu, to objectify the description of the main sounds of this language: vowels with epiglottal friction; the difference between aspirated and non-aspirated explosive consonants and consonants...

This paper outlines a numerical scheme for accurate, detailed, and high-throughput image analysis of plant roots. In contrast to existing root image analysis tools that focus on root system-average traits, a novel, fully automated and robust approach for the detailed characterization of root traits, based on a graph optimization process is presented. The scheme, firstly, distinguishes primary r...

This paper presents the set of constructive rules used by a two-dimensional, variational geometric constraint solver based on a constructive approach. The main goal in deening the rules has been to keep the set of rules as small as possible while being able to yield a useful solver with a large enough domain of solvable constructions. The rules can be classiied according to their functionality ...

Sectionalizing switches (SSs) and tie lines play essential roles in reducing the duration of customer interruptions electricity distribution networks. The effectiveness such assets is strongly influenced by their placement grid. Operation SSs also inherently interdependent. Due to structural complexities regarding mathematical modeling dependencies, optimization planning operation has typically...

the quality of plant stocks in the nursery has proven to be a key determinant factor in precocity of fruit bearing period and the size of tree crops. the quality of these trees is related to growth strength of the applied rootstock, the tendency of the cultivars to produce branches, the growth season's weather conditions as well as the efficiency of different treatments stimulating branchi...

in the water-limited areas, the great challenge of the agricultural sector is more production from less water that it can be achieved by increasing water productivity. a field study was conducted to compare various cultivars of wheat to water using line source sprinkler irrigation at gorgan research station in 2005-2006. the effect of variable water supply on yield and wue of six wheat cultivar...

evaluation of gastric emptying rate using nuclear scintigraphy as the gold standard method has been studied in various animals, but there is no report in suckling lambs. the aim of this study was to develop a nuclear scintigraphic method to visualize and measure abomasal emptying rate by estimation of scintigraphic half emptying time (t1/2) in the live neonatal lamb. five healthy, female irania...