Introduction: Ghrelin, increases food intake, decreases T3 and T4 concentrations and stimulates insulin release, while leptin reduces food intake and suppresses appetite. Considering the importance of thyroid hormones, ghrelin and leptin in body metabolism, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of interactions between ghrelin and leptin (injected via ICV route) and plasma T...

introduction: ghrelin, increases food intake, decreases t3 and t4 concentrations and stimulates insulin release, while leptin reduces food intake and suppresses appetite. considering the importance of thyroid hormones, ghrelin and leptin in body metabolism, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of interactions between ghrelin and leptin (injected via icv route) and plasma t3 a...

oxyntomodulin (oxm), a proglucagon-derived peptide, is a well known anorexigenic peptide found inthe gut and brain of mammals. the present study was carried out to investigate the central effect of oxm onfood intake in non-fasted and fasted ross broiler chicks. at four weeks of age, a guide cannula wasstereotaxically implanted into the right lateral ventricle of each bird. two experiments were ...

Agouti-related protein (AGRP) is a naturally occurring antagonist of melanocortin. In mammals, central AGRP expression is restricted to the arcuate nucleus in which it plays a key role in the control of energy balance by antagonizing melanocortin effects at melanocortin 4 receptors. In goldfish, melanocortin 4 receptor is profusely expressed within the main brain areas for the control of energy...

Leptin is a circulating molecule for the regulation of food intake and body weight suggested to be mediated in the hypothalamus via Ob-Rb receptor, which activates Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways. Although leptin receptors exist in many regions of the brain, there have been few in vivo functional studies of leptin's target site other than the hypoth...

Both lateral hypothalamic orexinergic neurons and hindbrain catecholaminergic neurons contribute to control of feeding behavior. Orexin fibers and terminals are present in close proximity to hindbrain catecholaminergic neurons, and fourth ventricular (4V) orexin injections that increase food intake also increase c-Fos expression in hindbrain catecholamine neurons, suggesting that orexin neurons...