We study biased, diffusive transport of Brownian particles through narrow, spatially periodic structures in which the motion is constrained in lateral directions. The problem is analyzed using the Fick-Jacobs equation in which the effect of the lateral confinement is replaced by an entropic barrier. The validity of this approximation, being based on the assumption of an instantaneous equilibrat...

We have measured force curves as a function of the lateral position on top of human platelets with the atomic force microscope. These force curves show the indentation of the cell as the tip loads the sample. By analyzing these force curves we were able to determine the elastic modulus of the platelet with a lateral resolution of approximately 100 nm. The elastic moduli were in a range of 1-50 ...

It could be hypothesized that when walking in a linear direction, the most efficient strategy would be to focus the force created by the push-off in the absolute opposite direction to the direction of propulsion. Forces in a medial or lateral direction could then be considered as loss of efficiency since these forces do not create movement in the intended direction. The aim of this study was to...

Topographic and chemical mapping of materials at high resolution define the goals of a microscope. Force microscopy can provide methods for simultaneous topography and chemical characterization of materials. Here we describe the use of the atomic force microscope to map chemical variations of semiconductor samples. Chemical maps of semiconductor InP/InGaAs alloys have been determined with 3 nm ...

OBJECTIVE To explore the pelvic injury mechanisms in road traffic fatalities (RTFs) according to Young-Burgess classification and its practical value in forensic medicine. METHODS Retrospective study was performed on pelvic X-ray radiographs of adult RTFs outside the automobiles in 128 cases. Pelvic injury mechanisms were investigated according to Young-Burgess classification and then were an...

The behavior of rope-guided conveyances is so complicated that the rope-guided hoisting system hasn't been understood thoroughly so far. In this paper, with user-defined functions loaded, ANSYS FLUENT 14.5 was employed to simulate lateral motion of rope-guided conveyances in two typical kinds of shaft layouts. With rope-guided mine elevator and mine cages taken into account, results show that t...

[Purpose] The correlations of peak vertical ground reaction force and sagittal angles during single-leg lateral jump-landing with noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury remain unknown. This study aimed to clarify the correlations between kinematics and impact force during lateral jump-landing. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty active males were included in the analysis. A sagittal-view movie ...

BACKGROUND Patellofemoral complications are one of the main problems after Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA). Retropatellar pressure distribution after TKA can contribute to these symptoms. Therefore we evaluated retropatellar pressure distribution subdivided on the ridge, medial and lateral surface on non-resurfaced patella before and after TKA. Additionally, we analyzed axial femorotibial rotatio...

abstract for seismic design, it is important to estimate the, maximum lateral displacement (inelastic displacement) of the structures due to earthquakes for several reasons. seismic design provisions estimate the maximum roof and storey drifts occurring in major earthquakes by amplifying the roof displacement and drifts of the structures obtained by elastic analysis subjected to seismic design ...