A dramatic shift in microbial reefs occurred around the Ediacaran–Cambrian boundary. Here we describe changes composition, construction, and texture of Zavkhan Terrane Gobi-Altai Province, western Mongolia, during late Ediacaran early Cambrian. Stromatolites consisting peloids, micritic clots, homogeneous lime mud without calcified microbes (calcimicrobes) are characteristic upper (units 9 16A ...

In this paper, an investigation on the relation between state-building and Near Eastern religion is attempted. Analyzing the city-state of Ḥaṭrā (Iraq, close to Kirkuk), it is demonstrated that pre-Islamic state craft in the region was dependent on the initiative of the Parthian monarchy in Iran. The kings of the Arsacid dynasty attempted to bestow the local Arabic tribes in the Jazira with a c...

The ocean-atmosphere system is typically envisioned to have gone through a unidirectional oxygenation with significant oxygen increases in the earliest (ca. 635 Ma), middle (ca. 580 Ma), or late (ca. 560 Ma) Ediacaran Period. However, temporally discontinuous geochemical data and the patchy metazoan fossil record have been inadequate to chart the details of Ediacaran ocean oxygenation, raising ...

Earth's surface chemical environment has evolved from an early anoxic condition to the oxic state we have today. Transitional between an earlier Proterozoic world with widespread deep-water anoxia and a Phanerozoic world with large oxygen-utilizing animals, the Neoproterozoic Era [1000 to 542 million years ago (Ma)] plays a key role in this history. The details of Neoproterozoic Earth surface o...

The Truong Son orogenic belt (TSOB) is one of the most important belts in Indochina block. There are numerous mafic to felsic intrusions Early Paleozoic caused by Tethyan orogeny. However, tectono-magmatic evolution TSOB still unclear. In this paper, zircon U-Pb dating, whole-rock geochemistry, and Sr-Nd isotopic data magmatic rocks have been systematically investigated explore petrogenesis tec...

Whilst the "Cambrian Explosion" continues to attract much attention from a wide range of earth and life scientists, the detailed patterns exhibited by the terminal Proterozoic-Early Cambrian biotas remain unclear, for reasons of systematics, biostratigraphy and biogeography. In particular, recent changes in absolute dating of the Cambrian have refined the period of time that the fossil record m...

the borujerd complex of western iran is composed of intrusions and their surrounding contact aureole, with, pegmatites and quartz veins. pegmatites differ in mineralogy, origin and age, and two groups can be distinguished. the older pegmatites (about 120 ma age) intruded contact metamorphic rocks from the early magmatic stage, while the younger pegmatites (52-70 ma age) formed during the late m...

Abstract Bikaner–Nagaur basin is located in the northwestern part of India and lies on rising flank Punjab platform Middle Indus Pakistan. Existence Neoproterozoic-Cambrian petroleum system was confirmed by exploration activities western periphery basin, whereas vast areas central eastern parts remain unexplored. Knowledge this unexplored limited due to non-availability data. Recently, 2525 lin...

Shell microstructures in some of the oldest known mollusk fossils (from the early to middle Cambrian Period; 542 to 510 million years ago) are diverse, strong, and in some cases unusual. We herein review our recent work focused on different aspects of shell microstructures in Cambrian mollusks, briefly summarizing some of the major conclusions from a few of our recent publications and adding so...