STUDY OBJECTIVES To assess language used during episodes of sleeptalking in bilingual children. DESIGN The investigation was accomplished through the parents who, after having received appropriate information, participated by filling out a survey on sleeptalking. SETTINGS The study was performed in three bilingual schools of the Basque country, a region in northern Spain in which two comple...

This paper proposes and studies the performance of a preconditioner suitable for solving a class of symmetric positive de nite systems, Âx = b, which we call p-level lower rank extracted systems (p-level LRES), by the preconditioned conjugate gradient method. The study of these systems is motivated by the numerical approximation of integral equations with convolution kernels de ned on arbitrary...

Environmental epidemiologic research on respiratory symptoms presents unique types of data, typically requiring simultaneous analysis of both time- and person-varying factors. In this paper, the authors propose a new, simple model that incorporates such factors and controls for each person's prior history of symptoms. The Yale Mother and Infant Health Study was undertaken to investigate the eff...

Episode creation describes the task of classifying medical events and related clinical data to a high-level concept, such as a disease, illness or care. Traditional approaches to the problem have been limited to feature-poor claims records utilizing simplistic strategies such as rules, filters and code transformations. However, these approaches have suffered a number of shortcomings including: ...

This study explored peer support among grade 5 learners of English as a foreign language (N = 24) interacting during regular lessons. Grounded in sociocultural theory and applying mixed-method research methodology, this to what extent how young one another classroom tasks targeting lexical phrases. Moreover, it investigated such accounts for learning opportunities. Students relied mainly on lin...

BACKGROUND Identifying fall-related injuries and costs using healthcare claims data is cost-effective and easier to implement than using medical records or patient self-report to track falls. We developed a comprehensive four-step algorithm for identifying episodes of care for fall-related injuries and associated costs, using fee-for-service Medicare and Medicare Advantage health plan claims da...

abstractthe interference of the native language in acquiring a foreign language is unavoidable. in an attempt to explore the phenomenon why this occurs, the study was conducted in english as a foreign language writing. the study also investigated how the native language interference occurred in the writing process. in fact, this qualitative study explored the reasons and the process of native l...

OBJECTIVE To address gaps in knowledge about disability rates and costs of short-term disability by answering the following questions: (1) what is the incidence and the costs of short-term disability episodes related to mental disorders? and (2) how do these figures compare with those of short-term disability episodes related to physical disorders? METHODS The data set comes from a Canadian r...

in treating the subject of musical language, a persian musician would be intrinsically drawn to the structural similarities between the persian music and language. indeed persian music and language are extremely related in their metrics, intonations and structural phrases (syntax). although we will draw upon this relationship, our aim in this article is to present “music as a language,” consist...