The language is entering the era of information society and undergoing changes associated with borrowing words from dominant language. With development social, political, economic cultural conditions other societies, there a “mixing languages” or “language contact”. This process affects structure vocabulary one languages. Since contact occurs through social speech interaction native speakers, r...

Publications such as Thomason & Kaufman (1988) and Thomason (2001, 2002) have perpetuated, without fundamental support, the distinction between internallyand externally-motivated language changes. They suggest that the two kinds of changes are different in nature and that those induced by language contact have not contributed to language speciation in the same way as those owing (principally) t...

Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions: The connection between language contact the bilingual speaker goes back to foundational authors in field of linguistics. Yet there is very little work that combines these two levels a single study. In this paper, we propose unified approach by testing role cross-language priming (CLP) on contact-induced change at level complex noun phrases (NPs). ...

Conflict is the most intriguing aspect of contact linguistics. Throughout history ever since the Tower of Babel was left unfinished, contacts between speakers of different languages have unavoidably resulted in conflicts between speakers of those languages. Without any doubt, the European Union (EU)--above all after the decision to enlarge the community--has accepted the multidisciplinary symbo...

one of the effective ways of highlighting deviations in language and familiar tool that has many applications in poetry .contact the effect, expanded the meaning of the text and therefore the production of literary pleasure. contemporary iranian poetry, especially in recent times with the use of deviations in different ways, in different works of beauty and creating a harmonious society is emer...

This paper empirically examines the role of social networks in welfare participation. Social theorists from across the political spectrum have argued that network e ects have given rise to a culture of poverty. Empirical work, however, has found it di cult to distinguish the e ect of networks from unobservable characteristics of individuals and areas. We use data on language spoken to better in...

We propose substantive universals in the relationship between social evolution and language change. Social anthropologists have categorized societies into roughly four broad types by social organization: bands, tribes, chiefdoms and states. This classification is evolutionary in the sense that the society types arose in human history in the sequence given above. We compare these society types t...

Croatia has always been a multilingual environment. The influence of German and Italian was empowered through direct political influence. During the second part of the 18th and in the 19th century native speakers of German and Italian used Croatian as a second language carrying out their duties at work. This bilingualism can tentatively be referred to as bureaucratic bilingualism. Native Croati...