This article sets out to examine the effect of utilizing different culturally-based materials on EFL university students' foreign language reading anxiety, reading comprehension self-efficacy, and reading proficiency within project-based classes. The research was carried out with two classes of intermediate freshmen majoring in English Language Teaching. The comparison group had to present thei...

Metadiscourse is a widely used term in current discourse analysis and language education, referring to an interesting, and relatively new approach to conceptualizing interaction between text producers and their texts and between text producers and users. Despite the growing importance of the term, however, it is often understood in different ways and used to refer to different aspects of langua...

We investigate the differences between language models compiled from original target-language texts and those compiled from texts translated to the target language. Corroborating established observations of Translation Studies, we demonstrate that the latter are significantly better predictors of translated sentences than the former, and hence fit the reference set better. Furthermore, translat...

the present paper is the result of the surveys done on the translation of the robaiyyat-e hakim omar khayyam sera'iki language. these translations that are mostly done on the basis of valid and authentic texts both in the persian and english languages, can be divided into two categories: i. translation into prose of the robaiyyat ii. translation into verse of the robaiyyat together with ex...

first, fairclough has considered the concrete texts in a linguistic position, then identified discourses which is based on the text and finally describe their dependency to micro social theories. his purpose has been to aware consumer of media texts in critical language. every text leads readers towards an understanding of certain facts. the main concern of fairclough has been the identificatio...