Novel assemblages of biotic, abiotic, and social components resulting from human-induced actions (e.g., climate change, land-use species movement) have been labeled as “Novel Ecosystems”, or Urban Ecosystems” when emerging in urban contexts. This concept has shifting perspectives among some scientists making them question traditional values about human-nature interactions a rapidly changing era...

In modern landscape architecture design, various types of space art constitute the overall effect architecture. Effective design and utilization reasonable organization relationship between plants, water bodies activity places can greatly improve people’s aesthetic view environment. application is a key content, exists objectively relative to time. actual process urban construction, it necessar...

Cities are implementing numerous projects for improving their urban landscapes. The quality of planned landscape interventions is critical the users and that depends on proper assessment projects. After theoretical empirical research, paper proposes framework architecture in relation to sustainability principles. By using set pre-determined criteria relevant indicators offers triple-level multi...

2/ Assistant Professor, Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois. Abstract: Visual management systems operate from the premise that people have expectations for landscape views, and that people's positive expectations should be fulfilled. Both the Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management visual management systems assume that people expect wildlands to l...

The factors that influence genetic architecture shape the structure of the fitness landscape, and therefore play a large role in the evolutionary dynamics. Here the NK model is used to investigate how epistasis and pleiotropy – key components of genetic architecture – affect the structure of the fitness landscape, and how they affect the ability of evolving populations to adapt despite the diff...