Land tenure arrangements in Africa are generally skewed in favour of males. Compared to males, female plot owners face complex sets of constraints and systemic high tenure insecurity which culminate in low yields. In order to obtain better returns, some females rent their plots to males, but risk losing the plots to their tenants. A model has been constructed to explain renting-out decisions of...

Many governments have recently gone on record promising large-scale expansions of protected areas to meet global commitments such as the Convention on Biological Diversity. As systems of protected areas are expanded to be more comprehensive, they are more likely to be implemented if planners have realistic budget estimates so that appropriate funding can be requested. Estimating financial budge...

Both human activities and climate change have changed landscapes significantly, especially in coastal areas. Sea level rise land subsidence foster tidal floods permanent inundations, thus changing limiting use. Though many countries, including Indonesia, are aware of these phenomena, the legal status this permanently inundated remains unclear. Indonesia refers to legally as obliterated land. Th...