Conservation planning aims to protect biodiversity by sustainng the natural physical, chemical, and biological processes within representative ecosystems. Often data to measure these components are inadequate or unavailable. The impact of human activities on ecosystem processes complicates integrity assessments and might alter ecosystem organization at multiple spatial scales. Freshwater conser...

background: exposure to arsenic is associated with impairment of male reproductive function by inducing oxidative stress. silymarin with an antioxidant property scavenges free radicals. objective: the aim of this study was to investigate if silymarin can prevent the adverse effects of sodium arsenite on ram sperm plasma membrane and acrosome integrity. materials and methods: ram epidydimal sper...

Land snails are highly tolerant to cadmium exposure and are able to accumulate soil cadmium independently of food ingestion. However, little information exists on the kinetics of cadmium retention in terrestrial gastropods exposed to an increase in the soil cadmium content, over time. There is also little knowledge about how exposure to cadmium-polluted soils influences shell growth and archite...

In this paper, we explore the interaction between taxation and local public good (LPG) and how it impacts the spatial pattern in the framework of new economic geography (NEG). In the benchmark case of a pure LPG, the system displays a similar location pattern to the existing NEG taxation model, although the tax reduces the market size of manufactured goods. However, when we consider the inheren...

A framework for ecosystem management is proposed. This framework assumes the purpose of ecosystem management is to maintain the integrity of ecosystems over time and space. It is based on four ecosystem principles: ecosystems are dynamic, can be viewed as hierarchies with temporal and spatial dimensions, have limits, and are relatively unpredictable. This approach recognizes that people are par...

INTRODUCTION A main goal of protected areas is to maintain species diversity and the integrity of biological assemblages. Intensifying land use in the matrix surrounding protected areas creates a challenge for biodiversity conservation. Earlier studies have mainly focused on taxonomic diversity within protected areas. However, functional and especially phylogenetic diversities are less studied ...

1. introduction from cultural and land point of view, national heterogeneity is the characteristic of many countries. so that the vast majority of countries are facing regionalism based on their width and number of population which sometimes they challenge the legitimacy of the government. because of its special geographical situation, iran has been the dwelling of people with various language ...

The Green Revolution, through the adoption of new crop varieties, irrigation, and agrochemicals, saved about 1 billion people from famine by increasing global food production (FAO 2011). We now recognize that these enormous gains in agricultural production were accompanied by harm to agriculture’s natural resource base, jeopardizing our future ability to meet human food, fuel, and fiber needs f...

This paper shows how standardization activities are progressing and contributing to the fact that Land Administration (LA) is considered more and more the cornerstone of the spatial information infrastructure. This is equally valid for regional, national, continental, and global levels, as will be illustrated in this paper. The paper describes the involved organizations and the current status o...

A. Rajabifard A. Binns I. Williamson Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration Department of Geomatics The University of Melbourne Victoria AUSTRALIA 3010 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Administering the spatial dimension of the marine environment is very important as decision-makers in both land and marine related areas of the coastal z...