UNLABELLED Although the distribution of various crystalloid and colloid solutions at equilibrium has been well established, the acute peak expansion of intravascular volume that can be achieved with the rapid administration of crystalloid or colloid is unknown. We studied eight healthy male subjects in a two-part crossover trial designed to assess the maximal increase in intravascular volume ac...

BACKGROUND Volume replacement with colloid solution and topical α-2 agonists may each moderate the progressive increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) during prone surgery. The authors tested the hypotheses that during prolonged prone surgery, IOP increases less with goal-directed intravenous administration of 5% albumin than with goal-directed administration of lactated Ringer's solution, and w...

BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that lactation has long-term effects on risk for cardiovascular disease in women, but the effects on cardiovascular mortality are less well known. METHOD In a Norwegian population-based prospective cohort study, we studied the association of lifetime duration of lactation with cardiovascular mortality in 21,889 women aged 30 to 85 years who attended the secon...

BACKGROUND Conventional concept suggests that infused crystalloid fluid is first distributed in the plasma volume and then, since the capillary permeability for fluid is very high, almost instantly equilibrates with the extracellular fluid space. We challenge whether this view is consistent with findings based on volume kinetic analysis. METHODS Fifteen volunteers received an IV infusion of 1...

The effects of external divalent cations on drug-receptor interaction were examined using guinea pig taenia. The effects of histamine on membrane potential of taenia in various solutions were also examined using the sucrose gap method. Ca2+ and Me2+ played an important role in the combination of histamine with its receptor. Sr2+, Mn2+ and Co2+ do not substitute for. Ca2+ and Me2+ in this intera...

Correspondence: D Zeighami Anesthesia ward, Faghihi Hospital, Zand Ave. Shiraz, Iran. Cell: +98-9173172580 Email: [email protected] Background: We evaluated the effects of tissue and organ perfusion during and after coronary artery bypass graft surgery with either colloid (Voluven) or crystalloid (Lactated ringer’s) as prime solution. Methods: In this prospective randomized-controlled trial ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of insulin on gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) during hemorrhagic shock. Male Sprague-Dawley rat, weighted from 300 to 400 gram, were used for animal study model. Under anesthesia, cannulation to the femoral vessels through the dissection was done and 2 ml blood per 100 gram was withdrawn for hemorrhagic shock. Aft...

Adults mongrel dogs, weighing from 18 to 24 kg, were used. The entire small bowel was procured and flushed with cold lactated Ringer's solution containing heparin through the superior mesenteric artery. The intestinal lumen was also irrigated with the same solution. After the graft was preserved in the cold lactated Ringer's ,olution for 24 hours, it was transplanted orthotopically into the ,;a...