The Highways Agency (HA) has recently rethought the way it commissions maintenance work on the trunk roads and motorways for which it is responsible. Taking on recommendations from recent reports into the UK construction industry, the HA have introduced the Construction Management Framework (CMF) in Areas 9 and 10 which covers a large area of the UK from Herefordshire to Lancashire. The CMF loo...

Let Λ be an Artinian algebra and F an additive subbifunctor of ExtΛ(−,−) having enough projectives and injectives. We prove that the dualizing subvarieties of mod Λ closed under F -extensions have F -almost split sequences. Let T be an F -cotilting module in mod Λ and S a cotilting module over Γ = End(T ). Then Hom(−, T ) induces a duality between F -almost split sequences in ⊥F T and almost sp...

Recent studies of dense clumps/cores in a number of regions of low-mass star formation have shown that the mass distribution of these clumps closely resembles the initial mass function (IMF) of field stars. One possible interpretation of these observations is that we are witnessing the fragmentation of the clouds into the IMF, and the observed clumps are bound pre-stellar cores. In this paper, ...

In discrete optimization, most exact solution approaches are based on branch and bound, which is conceptually easy to parallelize in its simplest forms. More sophisticated variants, such as the so-called branch, cut, and price algorithms, are more difficult to parallelize because of the need to share large amounts of knowledge discovered during the search process. In the first part of the paper...

The constraints and the operations play an important role in database generalization. They guide and govern database generalization. The constraints are translation of the required conditions that should take into account not only the objects and relationships among objects but also spatial data schema (classification and aggregation hierarchy) associated with the final the existing database. T...

This paper addresses the maintenance of discovered frequent patterns when a batch of transactions are removed from the original dataset. We conduct an in-depth investigation on how the frequent pattern space evolves under transaction removal updates using the concept of equivalence classes. Inspired by the evolution analysis, an effective and exact algorithm TRUM is proposed to maintain frequen...

We consider a common task in multiagent systems where agents need to estimate the state of an uncertain domain so that they can act accordingly. If each agent only has partial knowledge about the domain and local observations, how can the agents accomplish the task with a limited amount of communication? Multiply sectioned Bayesian networks (MSBNs) provide an effective and exact framework for s...

threats are one of the most fundamental problems of our modern societies that daily will affect citizens in urban spaces. this becomes more problematic when the people in their everyday living spaces encounter with behaviors that cause lack of security and should have been feel comfort and their families used these spaces freely. this causes many problems for citizens. in today cities because o...

let $g$ be a finite group‎. ‎we say that $g$ has emph{spread} r if for any set of distinct non-trivial elements of $g$ $x:={x_1,ldots‎, ‎x_r}subset g^{#}$ there exists an element $yin g$ with the property that $langle x_i,yrangle=g$ for every $1leq ileq r$‎. ‎we say $g$ has emph{exact spread} $r$ if $g$ has spread $r$ but not $r+1$‎. ‎the spreads of finite simple groups and their decorations ha...