Rural firms have a higher survival rate than urban firms. Over the first 13 years after firm entry, the hazard rate for firm exits is persistently higher for urban firms. While differences in firm attributes explain some of the rural-urban gap in firm survival, rural firms retain a survival advantage 18.5% greater than observationally equivalent urban firms. We argue that in competitive markets...

This paper studies the impact of innovation on the organizational structure. The theoretical framework predicts that a larger parental pool of knowledge raises the probability of offshoring. This holds in a national as well as an international context. However, when the producer loses territorial protection, the changeover from non-integration to integration is delayed. Employing data on German...

We present a novel social media dataset and employ an automated computational linguistics technique to infer employees’ perceptions of corporate culture. In particular, we provide an empirical test of ‘goal-setting theory’ which states that the extent to which employees perceive their roles to be challenging directly impacts their job satisfaction and firm performance. Our findings are consiste...

This study explores the differences in pollution control performances of industrial enterprises with various ownerships in China – State owned (SOE), collectively or community owned (COE), privately owned (POE), foreign directly invested (FDI) companies as well as joint ventures. A survey was conducted of approximately 1000 industrial firms in three provinces in China, which collects the detail...

This paper is an empirical investigation of the evolutionary principle of ‘growth of the fitter’. Previous studies suggest that growth does not discriminate between firms according to their fitness, when this latter is proxied by productivity. We use the profit rate (operating surplus/value added) as a proxy for fitness and explore its influence on subsequent growth rates by tracking 8405 Frenc...

In any breeding program, the creation of high-yielding maize hybrids with best possible heterosis expression depends on genetic diversity parental inbred lines. This study aimed to quantify eight lines using morphological features and determine relationship between in grain yield per hectare distance matrices variables. The principal component analysis (PCA) determined among based 22 assessed t...

We tested the hypothesis that dissolved organic matter (DOM) is delivered to deep layers by convective mixing in winter, where it contributes to the mineralization of C, N, and P in the oxygenated hypolimnion of large (surface area 674 km2, maximum depth 104 m), monomictic Lake Biwa. Basin-scale, seasonal measurements of DOM concentrations revealed that dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrog...

A textured structure of Ni–Mn–Sn Heusler alloy with [001] preferred orientation has been grown by the directional solidification method. The crystal exhibits a single austenite phase L21 cubic (a = 5.997 Å) at room temperature. Magnetization and electronic transport measurements reveal transformation characteristics. maximum values magnetic entropy change determined Maxwell’s thermodynamic rela...

Structural, microstructural, and magnetic properties of Heusler Ni50Mn50−xInx (x = 5 10) ribbons have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), differential calorimetry (DSC), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The as quenched Ni50Mn45In5 exhibit a mixture monoclinic 14M (a 4.329(3) Å, b 5.530(3) c 28.91...

A high-entropy dual-phase AlTiVCoNi alloy with a low density of ∼6.24 g cm−3 is developed, and it consists hierarchical structure, including an ordered L21 phase, disordered body-centered-cubic (BCC) solid-solution nano-sized precipitates embedded in the BCC phase. It found that this new shows phase stability after heat treatment at 1200°C for 24 h, compressive yield strength annealed approxima...