PCR amplification of template DNAs extracted from mixed, naturally occurring microbial populations, using oligonucleotide primers complementary to highly conserved sequences, was used to obtain a large collection of diverse RNase P RNA-encoding genes. An alignment of these sequences was used in a comparative analysis of RNase P RNA secondary and tertiary structure. The new sequences confirm the...

Personal information on individuals is increasingly shared between companies that do not belong to the same industry. Such exchange may occur for purposes of risk assessment, identity veri…cation or cross-marketing. Secondary purposes of data use are regulated under the European Data Protection Directive, but implementation in Europe di¤ers from one country to another. At the EU level, there is...

Markets for Reputation: Evidence on Quality and Quantity in Academe We develop a theory of the market for individual reputation, an indicator of regard by one’s peers and others. The central questions are: 1) Does the quantity of exposures raise reputation independent of their quality? and 2) Assuming that overall quality matters for reputation, does the quality of an individual’s most importan...

We present a laboratory experiment that measures the effects of group identity – one’s perceived membership in social groups – on market transactions in an oligopoly market with a few sellers and buyers. We artificially induce group identity using art preferences and college majors in different treatments, respectively. Subjects are randomly assigned into the roles of buyers and sellers and int...

We analyze the bilateral trade of divisible goods in the presence of stochastic transaction costs. Mutual best-response conditions are applied to a model of optimal investment under uncertainty. The first-best solution involves a single transaction, but such behavior is not incentive compatible without courtenforceable contracts. We solve for a second-best policy in which some gains from trade ...

Past work has shown that asymmetric information and asymmetric ownership affect the possibility of efficient dissolution of partnerships. We show in this paper that control is also a central determinant of the possibility of efficient implementation. We demonstrate this point by analyzing a benchmark case of asymmetric control where a single partner exercises complete control under the status q...

This paper investigates the circumstances under which negotiating simultaneously over multiple issues or assets helps reduce ineffi ciencies due to the presence of asymmetric information. Consider the case where one agent controls all assets. One would expect that strong substitutabilities among assets, would help trade, as the seller would value the additional units less. We show that this int...

This paper develops a theory of umbrella branding as a way to link the reputations of otherwise unrelated products. My analysis predicts that umbrella branding can credibly signal positive correlation between the qualities of the included products to consumers, but cannot certify high quality or signal negative quality correlation. Moreover, whenever umbrella branding signals perfect positive q...

We analyze normal form games where a player has to pay a price to a supplier in order to play a speci…c action. Our focus is on supplier competition, arising from the fact that distinct suppliers supply different players, and possibly di¤erent actions of the same player. With private contracts, where a player only observes the prices quoted by his own suppliers, the set of equilibrium distribut...

Richard E Sarginson, Andy J Petros, Nia Taylor, Mark A Fox, Ian Weir, Luciano Silvestri, Hendrick KF van Saene, Miguel Angel de la Cal Department of Paediatric Anaesthesia, RLCNHS Trust Alder Hey, Eaton Road, Liverpool L12 2AP Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH School of Clinical Sciences, Duncan Building,...