Aluminium powder (AP) formulated polyamide 6, 6 (PA 6), cotton fabric and hollow tubular polyester beg (HTPB) were experimented for spectral, chromatic imaging principle of woodland desertland camouflage textiles in visible (Vis) infrared (IR) spectrum under three-dimensional background illumination ultraviolet (UV)-Vis-IR concealment detection target signature, AP practiced by defense professi...

Titanium dioxide (TiO 2) is an essential component in a white paint formulation due to its excellent light scattering ability. TiO 2 also happens to make up most of the raw materials cost. Viable replacements to TiO 2 do not currently exist in a feasible manner. Rising costs in the recent TiO 2 supply shortage have forced coatings formulators to find a balance between cost and performance. One ...

This thesis is about modelling and predicting the perceived whiteness of plain paper from the paper composition, including fluorescent whitening agents. This includes psycho-physical modelling of perceivedwhiteness frommeasurable light reflectance properties, and physical modelling of light scattering and fluorescence from the paper composition. Existing models are first tested and improvements...

Although Near Infrared Analysis (NIRA) as a technique can be traced back to the late 19th century, the first commercial instrumentation (Cary 14) was made available in the mid 1950's. Significant growth in the number of NIRA instruments used did not occur until the 1978-1982 period. During this time, the number of units utilized has grown at an annual compounded growth rate of well over sixty p...

above-mentioned approximate expressions with certain values in the expression taken as free parameters. 4 A third line of research has been the modification of the Williams–Clapper transformation by adding an additional empirical term to the reflectance that controls the maximum reflection density. 3–8 This term is usually attributed to light reflected off the first-surface (gelatin– air interf...

We consider the problem of predicting the spectral reflec-tance of paper samples immersed in ink mixtures of varying ink concentrations. Relying on an adapted version of the Kubelka-Munk theory, we predict the reflectances of the samples dyed by ink mixtures. We first derive a method to calculate the effective scattering coefficient of an inked paper sample as a function of its absorbance coeff...

Accurately previewing the appearance of a print job can make the difference between producing saleable output and wasting expensive materials and is a challenge to which a host of solutions already exist. However, what the majority of these have in common is that they base their predictions on the inputs to a printing system (e.g., continuous-tone data in ink channels) instead of its outputs (i...

Carbonaceous N-containing materials derived from leather skin residues have been found to have unprecedented photocatalytic properties as compared to P25 Evonik, with an interesting degradation potential for contaminants in water (e.g. phenol). The carbonaceous materials were prepared by carbonization of the leather skin residues at different temperatures (180-600oC). Different crystalline spec...

An ink jet printing system consists of three fundamental parts: inks, printing engine, and substrates. Inks are materials creating color by selectively absorbing and scattering the visible illumination light. The printer acts as an ink distributor that governs the ink application. Finally, the substrate acts as a receiver of the inks and forms the images. Ink setting on the substrate is a compl...

An important and difficult problem in the printing and graphic arts industries is that of color management. Color management refers to the facilitation of color reproduction among various digital color imaging devices such as scanners, displays, and printers. The current work centers on color management for four color printing, focusing specifically on the practice of gray component replacement...