Background: Chondromalacia patella is the most common cause of mechanical knee pain in young women. Q angle and knee alignment are important clinical parameters for biomechanics of the patellofemoral joint. Objective: To identify the prevalence of knee malalignment and to find out if there is a correlation between knee mal alignment and Q angle with age at onset of disease. Methods: All pa...

negotiations among nations on policies to promote international economic integration have widened in recent years to cover new issues; for example, foreign direct investment rules, policies to promote competition, the international movement of labor, the environment and monetary :union:. in these negotiations, a consensus among the parties negotiating is usually lacking and many of these negoti...

background: some studies have previously shown that geometry of proximal femur can affect the probability of fracture and type of fracture. it happens since the geometry of the proximal femur determines how a force is applied to its different parts. in this study, we have compared proximal femur’s geometric characteristics in femoral neck (fnf), intertrochanteric (itf) and subtrochanteric (stf)...

recently many studies have been done on different issues of using multiple antennas at transmit and receive sides of a radar system in a mimo (multiple input multiple output) configuration. in addition, for the electronic warfare‟s purposes, the utilization of available signals of the environment to detect the targets has gained considerable attention in recent years. such passive radars use th...

conclusions our observations add to the knowledge base of the various causes of meniscus tears; this study also revealed that socio-cultural factors influence and contribute to the mechanism of various types of knee injury. patients and methods this retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary care orthopaedic hospital which caters to a population of 10 million people. we assessed 120 non-at...

background: tibial avulsion fractures of the posterior cruciate ligament are not infrequent. however, controversies exist between the fixation of the fragments and their reconstruction in the cases with small bony fragments. this prospective study was undertaken to study the results after fixation of the fragments by the malleolar screw and the pull through suture techniques.   methods: from ju...

conclusions prolotherapy with dextrose and with prolozone result in the same pain relief or functional improvement in patients with mild to moderate koa. results in the two groups, the pain intensity and womac scores significantly decreased and increased, respectively (p < 0.001). however, there was no significant difference between the two groups. background knee osteoarthritis (koa) is a comm...

primary musculoskeletal lymphoma presenting as monoarthritis is very rare. less than 20 cases have been reported. the ultrasound appearances have not been reported to date. we present a young female of primary knee lymphoma with synovial involvement presenting as monoarthritis. the ultrasound and mri features are discussed.