Dr. Palade has shown that in many cells the cell membrane is infolded extensively and that such folds may carry the cell membrane to positions deep in the cell. Moreover, he has shown that such deep folds often appear to lie close to isolated vesicles in the cytoplasm. Dr. Palade has pointed out that such vesicles are often arranged so as to suggest that they might have formed from the pinching...

Cadmium (Cd), a toxic environmental contaminant, induces oxidative stress, leading to neurodegenerative disorders. Recently we have demonstrated that Cd induces neuronal apoptosis in part by activation of the mitogen-activated protein kineses (MAPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here we show that Cd elevated intracellular c...

cell body and dendrites. Indeed, KIFC2, the only known minus end–directed kinesin-like protein, has been shown to localize almost exclusively to the somatodendritic portion of the neurons (Saito et al., 1997). While it remains unclear which organelles are transported by KIFC2, this motor is a good candidate for dendrite-spe-Stanford, California 94305 cific trafficking. However, the predominant ...

OBJECTIVE Nontransplant surgery for dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) has been in the process of development. Anterior restoration for anterior akinesis has shown favourable outcome. Posterior restoration and surgical results are also discussed. METHODS At the Hayama Heart Center in Japan, between 2005 and 2009, posterior restoration for DCM was performed in 36 patients (10 with ischaemic and 26 w...

reduces rotational mobility of the CD. Upon release of P i from the active site, actomyosin affinity increases and stress is applied to the LC domain. A fulcrum (probably near residue Cys-707, Figure 1) translates this stress into rotation of the neck toward the barbed end of the University of Pennsylvania actin filament (downward in Figures 1 and 2) transmitting Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1910...

and hypothetical thinking skills do make group composition a less cumbersome process at this stage and significantly reworking choreography to make improvements becomes a possibility. Students can create dance compositions and then ask “What would happen if . . . .” The complexity of student creative work increases, as individuals are able to focus on four or more dimensions at once. This abili...

-The extrinsic venom gland musculature in snakes exhibits a reasonably conserved spatial pattern around the venom gland. A prominent exception to this pattern is the M. Pterygoideus Glandulae, which originates from the surface of lhe venom gland itself. This muscle is found only in crotaline snakes, and has a spotty distribution within that group. Previous workers proposed that the M. Pterygoid...

If you go fishing and cast your lure out across a pond, settling it skillfully by the lily pads, you may see the water drop out from under your bait with a sucking whirlpool as you engage with the most popular sport fish in the world, the largemouth bass. Almost all popular recreational sport fish species (bass, salmon, trout, pike, grouper, snapper) feed by attacking their living prey with pow...

Most of the cancers that arise in the mucosa of the upper aerodigestive tract, including the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx, are squamous cell carcinomas. To date, although there are no primary mutations that have been discovered to cause these cancers, aberrant expression of a variety of molecules characterizes head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Most of the studies have compared ...

The article begins with a discussion about what might constitute consciousness in entities other than oneself and the implications of the mind–brain debate for the possibility of a conscious machine. While referring to several other facets of the philosophy of mind, the author focuses on epiphenomenalism and interactionism and presents a critique of the former in terms of biological evolution. ...