Cyclin D1 is a key regulator of the G1 phase progression of the cell cycle. There is increasing evidence that deregulated cyclin D1 expression is implicated in tumorigenesis and tumor progression in certain neoplasms. Recently, it has been reported that cyclin D1 overexpression might be related to the evolution of androgen-independent disease in prostate cancer. This study was conducted to inve...

Background Ki67 positivity in invasive breast cancers has an inverse correlation with survival outcomes and serves as an immunohistochemical surrogate for molecular subtyping of breast cancer, particularly ER positive breast cancer. The optimal threshold of Ki67 in both settings, however, remains elusive. We use computer assisted image analysis (CAIA) to determine the optimal threshold for Ki67...

BACKGROUND Established measurements of proliferation in breast cancer are Ki67 and mitotic-activity-index (MAI), with problems in reproducibility and prognostic accuracy. Phosphohistone H3 (PHH3), a relatively novel IHC marker is specific for mitosis with good reproducibility. We hypothesized that PHH3 would be more reproducible and better represent proliferation than Ki67. RESULTS PHH3 ident...

The aim of this study is to test the possible prognostic significance of p53 and Ki67 expression in inverted papilloma of the lateral nasal wall and adjacent sinuses regarding their malignant potential and recurrence. 49 biopsies of the lateral nasal wall and adjacent sinuses obtained from 41 patients from three hospitals were investigated. Immunohistochemically demonstrated p53 and Ki67 expres...

Background & Objective: Ki-67 evaluation is an essential tool to define luminal A and B breast cancers, which is not yet systematized. The International Ki67 in Breast Cancer Working Group suggests the counting of 500 or 1000 cancer cells, which is a time-consuming process. Therefore, novel methods, such as the Eye-10 method and stepwise counting strategy, are proposed to facil...

The relative effects of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with estrogen alone vs. estrogen+progestin on breast cell proliferation and on breast cancer risk are controversial. A cross-sectional observational study was carried out to examine the proliferative effects of HRT with estrogen or estrogen plus the progestin, medroxyprogesterone acetate, in breast tissue of postmenopausal...