effective microorganisms (em) is a commercial biofertilizer mainly consists of photosynthetic and lactic acid bacteria, yeast and actinomycetes. in order to evaluate the influence of em (0 and %1) and salt stress (0 mm, 50 mm, 100 mm and 150 mm) on the morphophysiological characteristics of pomegranate cv. shishe-kap, a factorial experiment was conducted based on the completely randomized desig...

The cadaverine (Cad), an organic diamine was examined for its response on growth in salinity and metal stressed B. juncea cv RH-30 vis-à-vis compared the response of ammonium nitrate. The Cad (1 mM) application ameliorated the effect caused by salinity and metal stress on seed germination and plant growth. The plant growth recovery (dry biomass accumulation) was dependent on stress and diamine ...

The HKT family of Na(+) and Na(+)/K(+) transporters is implicated in plant salinity tolerance. Amongst these transporters, the cereal HKT1;4 and HKT1;5 are responsible for Na(+) exclusion from photosynthetic tissues, a key mechanism for plant salinity tolerance. It has been suggested that Na(+) is retrieved from the xylem transpiration stream either in the root or the leaf sheath, protecting th...

The changes of Chl a fluorescence induction curve in response to different salinity levels in Canola (Barassica napus, L.) plants were investigated. The canola seedlings were exposed to salt stress (100 mM and 200 mM NaCl) for 7 days and Chl a fluorescence induction kinetics was analysed. By using the OJIP-test, various parameters like VJ, area, N, φPo, φEo, ψo, RC/ABS and PIABS were calculated...

Salinity is a constraint limiting plant growth and productivity of crops throughout the world. Understanding the mechanism underlying plant response to salinity provides new insights into the improvement of salt tolerance-crops of importance. In the present study, we report on the responses of twenty cultivars of tomato. We have clustered genotypes into scale classes according to their response...

Different clones of the wetland grass Phragmites australis differ in their morphology and physiology, and hence in their ability to cope with environmental stress. We analysed the responses of 15 P. australis clones with distinct ploidy levels (PLs) (4n, 6n, 8n, 10n, 12n) and geographic origins (Romania, Russia, Japan, Czech Republic, Australia) to step-wise increased salinity (8, 16, 24, 32, 4...

Soil salinity is a crucial environmental constraint which limits biomass production at many sites on a global scale. Saline growth conditions cause osmotic and ionic imbalances, oxidative stress and perturb metabolism, e.g., the photosynthetic electron flow. The plant ability to tolerate salinity is determined by multiple biochemical and physiological mechanisms protecting cell functions, in pa...

Soil salinity affects large areas of the world's cultivated land, causing significant reductions in crop yield. Despite the fact that most plants accumulate both sodium (Na(+)) and chloride (Cl(-)) ions in high concentrations in their shoot tissues when grown in saline soils, most research on salt tolerance in annual plants has focused on the toxic effects of Na(+) accumulation. It has previous...

Brassinosteroid emerges as an essential phytohormone that helps the plant to maintain growth and development. It also plants grow well under adverse conditions along with normal conditions. In this review article, we have discussed functional role of brassinosteroid (BRS) in salinity stress Salinity is one most devastating abiotic stresses which adversely affect by disturbing their metabolic pa...