in highland watersheds, runoff generated by snow melting plays an important role in stream water supply. srm (snowmelt runoff model) is a hydrologic model which simulates and predicts daily flow in mountain watersheds dominated by snow melting process. the srm is based on the degree-day procedure which, is a widely used method but does not consider physical factors. in the current research, the...

[1] Many current metrics of drought are derived solely from analyses of climate variables such as precipitation and temperature. Drought is clearly a consequence of climate anomalies, as well as of human water use practices, but many impacts to society are more directly related to hydrologic conditions resulting from these two factors. Modern hydrology models can provide a valuable counterpart ...

Contemporary information on road salt runoff is needed for management of water resources in regions experiencing urbanization and increased road density. We investigated seasonal Cl(-) concentrations among five streams in south-central Indiana that drained watersheds varying in degree of urbanization and ranging in size from 9.3 to 27 km(2). We also conducted acute toxicity tests with Daphnia p...

Wet deposition of solutes to an alpine catchment in the southern Sierra Nevada was measured from October 1984 through March 1988. Rainfall had a volume-weighted pH of 4.9, and snowfall had a volume-weighted pH of 5.3. Acetic and formic acids were important components of all wet deposition, contributing 25-30% of the measured anions in snowfall and, through analysis of charge balance deficits, t...

Satellite monitoring of the seasonal snow cover in the visible range of the spectrum has been constantly improved thanks to a better spatial resolution. Sensors were introduced enabling snow, clouds and glacier ice to be distinguished. Thanks to refined data processing combined with a Geographic Information System (GIS), a method was developed to restore satellite images of the snow cover parti...

In this paper we present runoff simulations for snow and icemelt for the basins of Rhine-Felsberg, RhôneSion and Ticino-Bellinzona. We use high resolution multispectral remote sensing data to map snow and ice cover of selected years. Further, we use GIS based extrapolation techniques to evaluate cloud and forest covered areas with respect to snow cover. We use the deterministic hydrologic model...

The runoff regime of high alpine basins will be affected in response to global warming not only by the seasonal snow cover but also by glaciers. Runoff peaks due to snowmelt will partially be shifted from the summer to the winter. The glacier melt will supply a higher amount of meltwater until glaciers finally disappear, if the temperature keeps rising. In order to evaluate quantitatively this ...