Background and Objectives Medical professionalism is an essential aspect of medical education and practice worldwide. Our objective was to explore and compare the perception as recommended sanctions about professionalism lapses, using the "Dundee Polyprofessionalism Inventory I: Academic Integrity", among the faculty and the students' of two different medical schools in Saudi Arabia. Methods ...

Failure to disclose patents According to ANSI, only certain, limited sanctions are appropriate when a patent owner fails correctly to identify and disclose patent rights embodied into a standard until after the standard has been adopted. (This is the pattern of conduct that led to the US Federal Trade Commission’s 1995 case against Dell Computer after the 1992 development and adoption of the VE...

This paper investigates the role of banking supervision in controlling bank risk. Banking supervision is measured in terms of enforcement outputs (i.e., on-site audits and sanctions). Our results show an inverted U-shaped relationship between on-site audits and bank risk, while the relationship between sanctions and risk appears to be linear and negative. We also consider the combined effect of...

this paper surveys the persian monetary crises due to economic sanctions and speculative attacks that leads to high inflation. economic sanctions are associated with various forms of trade barriers and restriction on financial transactions. among the most influential sanctions on iran's oil export and central bank sanctions are noted that their aims to reduce iran's oil revenues and devaluation...

A challenge for organizations is to manage electronic information without exposing the organization to sanctions in a later lawsuit. Since organizations do not usually voluntarily disclose internal information, the recent amendments to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, applicable to the discovery process, can compel an organization to permit an examination of electronically stored informati...

The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between economic sanctions and regional differences within Russia from three perspectives: favoritism political elite, industry development, trade costs. Using nighttime lights in Russia, we found a correlation differences. First, as increased, Moscow, St. Petersburg, provincial capitals were brighter than those rest country. Second, m...