Conspiracy theories are ubiquitous when it comes to explaining political events and societal phenomena. Individuals differ not only in the degree to which they believe in specific conspiracy theories, but also in their general susceptibility to explanations based on such theories, that is, their conspiracy mentality. We present the Conspiracy Mentality Questionnaire (CMQ), an instrument designe...

this paper examines the historical development of operations research (or) and represents different or methods (methodologies) developed during its lifetime. then, considering thomas kuhn’s paradigm model of scientific development as a basis for our work, the former and current status of or are analyzed and the future trend is discussed.

Background. The problems of specifics and transformations social communication are updated in the modern conditions contradictory development multimedia system, which actively affects processes socialization. In reality, Internet tools often play a more significant role socialization than traditional agents. expands possibilities for revealing personality, but at same time gives rise to risks y...

Introduction Metaphilosophy is all the rage nowadays. Philosophers are becoming increasingly self-conscious about their methodology, as this volume showcases. And rightly so—it is part of our job description to put thinking under the microscope, and that obviously should include our philosophical thinking. Much as we want philosophers of physics, of biology, of mathematics, and so on to scrutin...

Contextualism in epistemology is the view that on different occasions of utterance, the English verb know expresses different propositional attitudes—attitudes that vary in the required degree or kind of justification. For terminological convenience, I will distinguish between two contextualist theses. First, there is what Iʼll call linguistic contextualism (LC). By linguistic contextualism, I ...

Turing machines as a model of intelligence can be motivated by some assumptions, both mathematical and philosophical. Some of these are about the possibility, the necessity, and the limits of representing problem solving by mechanical means. The assumptions about representation that we consider in this paper are related to information representability and availability, processing as solving, no...

The choice of studying economics instead of another subject should be motivated by the fact that economics training equips students with skills and knowledge that other disciplines do not provide. Which are these skills and knowledge, however, is not always very clear. This article clarifies such issue by first exploring the philosophical foundations and the defining features of the discipline,...

We report experimental results showing that participants are surprisingly likely to attribute knowledge in familiar Gettier cases and are often even more likely to do so when the believers in question are engaging in harmful or blameworthy acts. Our experiments bring together important elements from the Gettier case literature in epistemology and the Knobe effect literature in experimental phil...