Field emission has been reported to occur at much lower fields in carbon based thin film systems than from any other material systems. The emission has been shown to depend on the various material parameters, but whichever carbon based system is used, it is found that emission occurs at localised sites rather than uniformly over the entire surface. Carbon films with mixed sp3 sp2 bonding, like ...

An Agricultural Sector Model is used to determine the economic potential of agricultural greenhouse gas emission reduction strategies within hypothetical emission mitigation markets. For a complete set of agricultural land management decisions, emissions and emission reductions of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide are accounted for and simultaneously subjected to a wide range of carbon...

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) using double-pulse irradiation with Nd:YAG and CO(2) lasers was applied to the analysis of a polystyrene film on a silicon substrate. An enhanced emission signal, compared to single-pulse LIBS using a Nd:YAG laser, was observed from atomic carbon, as well as enhanced molecular emission from C(2) and CN. This double-pulse technique was further applied ...

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As the global climate warming, "haze" weather frequent, low-carbon economy research caused extensive concern of the academia, In this paper, we use panel data of 5 cites in China Guangxi province over the period 2000 to 2008, and construct a systematic model which concludes the factors of FDI technology of carbon emissions and carbon emission intensity. In addition, we refinement the relevant d...

The evaluation of the cost of reduction for the different region and the resulting emission permit prices is a typical model application. The usual approach to analyze emission trading is to obtain marginal emission reduction cost curves from the models and subsequently carry out a static, expost analysis of emission trading based on these cost curves. The drawback of this approach is that effe...