This paper studies the design of efficient mechanisms for repeated bilateral trade in settings where (i) traders' values and costs evolve randomly with time, (ii) traders become ready available to participate mechanism at random times. Under a weak condition, analogous non-overlapping supports condition Myerson Satterthwaite (1983), is only feasible if runs an expected budget deficit. The small...

ran's economy still has a two-digit inflation rate with high fluctuations, which is mainly caused by fiscal dominance. According to the relevant literature, the most important fiscal dominance mechanism is borrowing from the central bank. After prohibiting direct borrowing from the Central Bank by Iran's government, the budget deficits are partially addressed by off-budgeting operations, achiev...

No one doubts that COVID-19 will widen the budget deficit in most, if not all, developing countries. This development (widening public deficit) is particularly important for countries like Jordan. Indeed, since 1965, all governments have witnessed a their budgets. Within this context, primary purpose of paper to examine impact real gross domestic product (GDP) on fiscal Jordanian economy. To GD...

The condition, in which the current account deficit, budget and saving-investment deficit come together any economy, is called triple deficit. This paper presents a scientific application of hypothesis an appreciation relationship among components economic growth Turkey within period 1985-2019. paper, ARDL model, bounds test, Error Correction Model Toda-Yamamoto Test were applied to determine r...

using the optimum control procedure, the present paper is concerned with the effects of trade liberalization on both government and private expenditures in iran. an appropriate analytical consisting of ten equations is specified throgh which significant estimation results are obtained, using econometric method over the 1959-86 period. the model is utilized to explore how any change in control v...

Biogeographers and ecologists often need to quantify species-environment relationships to understand the distribution of vegetation, and to assess changes in patterns resulting from environmental change. A water budget approach, which incorporates evaporative demand and moisture availability, is compared to traditional climatic variables in terms of ability to predict species growth and abundan...

The aim of this study is to examine the nonlinear effects of fiscal and monetary policies on inflation during 1990:3 to 2013:1 based on threshold model. First lag of the liquidity growth is recognized as threshold variable with threshold value estimated at 6.37 percent. In low liquidity growth, the results indicate that inflation expectations and the lagged liquidity growth are the most importa...

The federal government faces a daunting fiscal outlook, which makes the budgetary impact of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act even more important. The official Congressional Budget Office (CBO) analysis indicates modest deficit reduction over the next ten years and beyond. We examine the underpinnings of the CBO's projection and conclude that it is built on a shaky foundation of om...

abstract- efficient use of irrigation water for summer crops should be considered seriously due to rare occurrence of precipitation in summer. this research was focused on the assessment of water use efficiency for dominant crops of summer cropping pattern in the study area (i.e., maize and rice) via considering water productivity (wp) with different water management scenarios at farm level at ...