Worldwide, the problem of air pollution is heterogeneous in its sources and in the populations affected, but consistent in that there is an urgent need for action. In this Comment, we address whether framing air pollution as a human rights issue would more quickly and efficiently motivate and direct actions than what is done at present. We conclude that rights-based approaches merit deeper cons...

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According to the framework of "Pressure-State-Response", this study established an indicator system which can reflect comprehensive risk of environment and health for an area at large scale. This indicator system includes 17 specific indicators covering social and economic development, pollution emission intensity, air pollution exposure, population vulnerability, living standards, medical and ...

The distributed lag model (DLM), used most prominently in air pollution studies, finds application wherever the effect of a covariate is delayed and distributed through time. We specify modified formulations of DLMs to provide computationally attractive, flexible varying-coefficient models that are applicable in any setting in which lagged covariates are regressed on a time-dependent response. ...

PURPOSE The panel study design is commonly used to evaluate the short-term health effects of air pollution. Standard statistical methods are available for analyzing longitudinal data, but the literature reveals that these methods are poorly understood by practitioners. METHODS We review standard statistical methods for modeling longitudinal data. Marginal, conditional, and transitional approa...

Human exposure to outdoor air pollution is believed to cause severe health effects, especially in urban areas where pollution levels often are high, because of the poor dispersion conditions and high density of pollution sources. Many factors influence human health, and a good assessment of human air pollution exposure is, therefore, crucial for a proper determination of possible links between ...

BACKGROUND Air pollution has many effects on the health of both adults and children, but children's vulnerability is unique. The aim of this review is to discuss the possible molecular mechanisms linking air pollution and asthma in children, also taking into account their genetic and epigenetic characteristics. RESULTS Air pollutants appear able to induce airway inflammation and increase asth...

Air pollution is one of the leading causes of lung cancer. Air pollution-related lung cancer is a deteriorating public health problem, particularly in developing countries. The MUC16 gene is one of the most frequently mutated genes in air pollution-related lung cancer. In the present study, MUC16 mRNA expression was increased in ∼50% of air pollution-related lung cancer samples obtained from pa...

nowadays, air pollution in cities with regard to its harmful outcomes has been turned into one of the serious challenges in urban management. pollutants as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and the aerosols that are known to be among the most important factors related to heart, vascular, and lung disease, have underlined public welfare and health, and the organizations concerned with community h...