breaking norms is one of the most effective ways for making the language prominent, and composing unfamiliar poems. it has been used by poets for a long time.  hooshang irani is one of the poets who has widely used this technique in his poems. literary critics try to answer how irani has employed this technique in his poems to break the norms.  some studies show that he usually used different s...

vocabulary as a major component of language learning has been the object of numerous studies each of which has its own contribution to the field. finding the best way of learning the words deeply and extensively is the common objective of most of those studies. however, one effective way for achieving this goal is somehow neglected in the field. using a variety of activities such as games can r...

  This paper has studied orientalists’ arguments for Prophet’s awareness of reading and writing. Their claim has been founded on two historical narrations. As narrated, the Prophet has written the words Mohammad ibn a’bdollah down at the time of Hodaibiyah and at the end of his life he ordered the people around him to bring pen and paper to write some advices for them.  Considering the Prophe...

this study was an attempt to investigate and compare the effect of lexical inferencing and concept mapping on developing vocabulary retention of iranian language learners. sixty homogeneous students from different intact classes who were being taught as intermediate learners in sokhan english institute participated in this study. they were in different classes. a teacher made test as a pre-test...

  The principle of ‘a being of the simplest essence’, basitulhaqiqah, is one of the most important one in transcendent philosophy upon which has been based the solution of many complicated and difficult problems. Now a question appears as: can the principle form a proof for the simplicity of the Necessary? In the paper, the principle has been analyzed and its background presented. Then it has ...