This paper introduces two virtual Decision Making Units (DMUs) called ideal point and anti-ideal point, Then calculates distances of each DMU to the ideal and anti-ideal point. The two distinctive distances are combined to form a comprehensive index called the relative closeness (RC) just like the TOPSIS approach. The RC index is used as an overall ranking for all the DMUs. Then, this method co...

Just‐In‐Time (JIT) production has received a great deal of attention, worldwide, since its introduction in Japan a few decades ago. It has been well documented that some of the main benefits of JIT implementation are reduction of inventories, lead‐time reduction, and cost savings. Most of the previous research on the impact of JIT on firm performance has either been anecdotal (one‐firm studies)...

Cognitive scientists have shown increased interest in diagrams in recent years, but most of the focus has been on spatial representation, not conventions for representing time. We explore a variety of ways in which time is represented in diagrams by one research community: scientists investigating circadian rhythms at the behavioral and molecular levels. Diagrams that relate other variables to ...

Experience-based continuous learning is essential for improving products, processes, and technologies in emerging as well as established areas of business and engineering science. It can be facilitated by casebased organizational learning, meaning that relevant experience is captured in the form of cases for reuse in a corporate experience repository. For obvious reasons, learning from experien...

Because of the dynamic nature of the interstellar medium, the Sun should have encountered a variety of different interstellar environments in its lifetime. As the solar wind interacts with the surrounding interstellar medium to form a heliosphere, different helio-sphere shapes, sizes, and particle contents result from the different environments. Some of the large possible interstellar parameter...

Consider the Product Rate Variation problem. Given n products 1, ..., i, ..., n, and n positive integer demands d1, ..., di, ..., dn. Find a sequence α = α1, ..., αT , T = ∑n i=1 di, of the products, where product i occurs exactly di times that always keeps the actual production level, equal the number of product i occurrences in the prefix α1, ..., αt, t = 1, ..., T , and the desired productio...

ii DEDICATION To M. and D., for making me who I am today. iii If people did not sometimes do silly things, nothing intelligent would ever get done. There's no ulterior practical purpose here. I'm just playing. That's what math is – wondering, playing, amusing yourself with your imagination.

most of the islamic sciences and teachings root in deep knowledge of quran. islamic mysticism which has glorified under the impact of quranic verses, aims to understand the conscience of quran. the rumi’s mathnavi, as a masterpiece which links theoretical and practical mysticism from the perspective of both structure and content, has been exposed under such efficacy. just like quran, mathnavi u...

more than anything else, education is rooted in the interaction between students and teachers. interaction is a more comprehensive concept than mutual influence which also exists among objects; the former is only possible when a relation among two agents is at stake. in this relation other components exist as well, such as books and educational tools, however, all these components are like sate...

this paper is by terry kemp. she is a midwife with 10 years record of service. in this paper she speaks about her own experience which had burdened her in that condition. herpes gestation is a rare condition and has been defined in books related to autoimmune gestation disease. if your reaction after reading the title of this paper was just shrugging your shoulders and accepting it as a viral i...