SPICA, a Japanese led mission, is part of the JAXA future science program and is planned for launch in 2018. SPICA will perform imaging and spectroscopic observations in the 5 to 210 mm waveband. The SPICA payload features three instruments, one of which, SAFARI, is developed by a European based consortium. SPICA’s distinctive feature is to use an actively cooled telescope down to 4 K. In addit...

Vibration-free miniature Joule-Thomson (JT) coolers are of interest for cooling small optical detectors for future space missions. The European Space Agency is interested in on-chip detector cooling for the temperature range 70¶K¶-¶250¶K. This is the topic of a new project at the University of Twente. In this project, the focus is on the integration of Micro-ElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) bas...

Abstract This work expands findings about the dominant heat transfer mechanisms in argon and helium arcs at atmospheric pressure for monoatomic (Ar, He, 50% Ar–50% He), diatomic (air, $${\hbox{N}}_{2}$$ N 2 , $${\hbox{O}}_{2}$$ O $${\hbox{F}...

In this paper performance characteristics for a Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube are presented. The was of divergent design and optimised both size performance, to be used supply cold air turbomachinery experiments with feed in the pressure range 3.0–7.0 bar, overall mass flow rates 0.05–0.14 kg/s. Optimum fixed parameters selected from literature were: ratio cold-exit diameter inlet internal (0.50); ...

We investigate the Northern Hemisphere Joule heating from several observational and computational sources with the purpose of calibrating a previously identified functional dependence between solar wind parameters and ionospheric total energy consumption computed from a global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation (Grand Unified Magnetosphere Ionosphere Coupling Simulation, GUMICS-4). In this pa...

C ryotherapy, or the use of freezing temperatures to elicit a specific tissue response, has a long history of safe and effective use in medicine. Cryothermal ablation results in discrete homogenous lesions that are sharply demarcated, with preserved ultrastructural tissue integrity and low propensity for thrombosis. Its unique safety profile is well established. Although cryoenergy has been use...

Vle have developed a predictive corresponding states model for the thermo· physical properties of pure refrigerants and refrigerant mixtures. The bulk phase properties such as the density, enthalpy and entropy are predicted using the prin· ciple of extended corresponding states. This theoretically based model uses shape factors to insure conformality among the various components and R134a is us...

This article addresses the boundary layer flow and heat transfer in third grade fluid over an unsteady permeable stretching sheet. The transverse magnetic and electric fields in the momentum equations are considered. Thermal boundary layer equation includes both viscous and Ohmic dissipations. The related nonlinear partial differential system is reduced first into ordinary differential system a...

This equation modelizes accurately the propagation of the electromagnetic field of a laser in material medium. Here k0 is the wave number of the laser in the vacuum, N and a are smooth nonnegative functions representing the electronic density of material medium and the absorption coefficient of the laser energy by material medium, and A0 is an incident known excitation (see [BLSS03]). Note that...