Leishmania amastigotes parasitize almost exclusively the mononuclear phagocytes of mammals. The organisms survive and multiply within acidified vacuoles (parasitophorous vacuoles; p.v.) akin to phagolysosomes. Certain amino acid esters are known to accumulate in and disrupt lysosomes. We postulated that, since Leishmania possess lysosome-like organelles, they may be susceptible to the potential...

A new method is described for the isolation of nearly pure total cerebrosides from fresh brain. Florisil columns are used to separate the cerebroside hydroxy and normal acids, in the form of their esters, and to separate the saturated and unsaturated esters of each group. The esters within each class are determined by gas chromatography, the hydroxy esters being run as the methyl ethers. Yields...

Two cobalt-carbonyl oxo processes were developed to prepare useful products in high yield from fatty derivatives. In one process, hydroformylation in the presence of MeOH at 120 C gives dimethyl acetal esters from either methyl oleate or oleic acid. In the other, a two-step process, hydroformylation (120 C) followed by hydrogenation (180 C) gives better yields of hydroxY methyl esters from both...

We have developed a straightforward and auxiliary-free synthetic route towards tBu-tubuphenylalanine (tBu-Tup) and tBu-epi-tubuphenylalanine (tBu-epi-Tup), which are the key components of tubulysins and their analogs. A Lewis acid-mediated diastereoselective Mukaiyama aldol reaction using silyl ketene acetal and N-Boc-L-phenylalaninal provided γ-amino-β-hydroxyl-α-methyl esters, which were deox...

Procedures for preparing 4,4-dimethyloxazoline (DMOX) and pyrrolidine derivatives from fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were modified to provide milder simpler conditions the derivatization reactions widely used in mass spectrometric analysis of acids. DMOX obtained overnight at room temperature presence sodium borohydride. The proposed method, involving a low-temperature condensation-cyclizati...

In this study, the influence of fatty acids of both conventional and non-conventional oils in supercritical transesterification method has been reviewed. Literature on oils such as moringa oleifera, manketti, croton megalocarpus, palm and soybean has been reviewed to establish an understanding of the supercritical transesterification that employed methanol as alcohol. This study reveals that lo...

The methyl diazoacetate and aryl (N-tosyl)imines can be transformed into syn or anti a-hydroxy b-amino esters with high diastereoselectivities in three steps: the base promoted nucleophilic condensation of the methyl diazoacetate and aryl (N-tosyl)imines to give b-(N-tosyl)amino a-diazoesters, followed by oxidation with Oxone to generate a-oxo esters, which were reduced with NaBH4 to yield the ...

-The hydrolysis of several ring substituted methyl benzoates was investigated in aqueous solution over a pH range of 3-10. Both the pH dependence (at pH > 5) and the variation of hydrolysis rates with ring substitution are consistent with a mechanism involving the addition of hydroxide ion to the ester carbonyl group. Extrapolation of the rate data to a pH and temperature that would be consiste...