Tydskrif vir Letterkunde is an online, peer-reviewed, accredited scholarly journal which publishes original, previously unpublished research and overview articles on theoretical, applied or comparative aspects of African literatures cultural practices.

cabbage leaf miner scaptomyza flava (fallen) (l)iptera: drosophilidae) is a native and oligophagous leaf miner insect on cruciferous plants (brassicaceae). it occurs in many parts of the world and throughout khuzestan. the relationship between feeding and ovipositional preferences of insect, and host plant suitability on seven host plant species (cauliflower brassica oleracea var. botryds, ...

CD40 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family and plays an important role in B-cell survival, growth, differentiation, and isotype switching. Recently, CD40 has been shown to associate with JAK3, a member of the family of Janus Kinases, which are nonreceptor protein kinases involved in intracellular signaling mediated by cytokines and growth factors. To investigate the role of J...

The Janus kinase/STAT pathway has emerged as the paradigm of IFN-induced protection from viral infections. However, the possible participation of other signaling proteins in this protection is not clearly understood. In this report, we demonstrate that activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) by either serum factors or IFNs blocks cell death induced by encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV...

p-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (dbsa) was used as a catalyst for a simple and efficient one-pot synthesis of aryl substititued tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans and dihydropyrano[c]chromens via initial knoevenagel, subsequent micheal and final heterocyclization reactions of aryl aldehyde, malononitrile and 4-hydroxycoumarin/dimedone in moderate to excellent yields. the present method was operationally si...

Lyme disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi is the most common tick-borne disease in the US and Europe. Unlike most bacteria, measurements of growth and viability of B. burgdorferi are challenging. The current B. burgdorferi viability assays based on microscopic counting and PCR are cumbersome and tedious and cannot be used in a high throughput format. Here, we evaluated several commonly used v...

IL-13 and IL-4, pleiotropic immune regulatory cytokines, have been shown to mediate similar prominent effects in human fibroblast cell lines. However, molecular mechanisms for their redundant effects are not known. Here, we have investigated the structure of IL-13 receptors (IL-13R) and molecular mechanisms of signal transduction through IL-13 and IL-4 receptors in non-transformed normal skin f...

We introduce a representative minimal model for phoretically interacting active colloids. Combining kinetic theory, linear stability analyses, and a general relation between self-propulsion and phoretic interactions in autodiffusiophoretic and autothermophoretic Janus colloids collapses the parameter space from six to two dimensionless parameters: area fraction and Péclet number. This collapse ...

Brief Summary of Objectives: There are three objectives of the contract: to perform research and development in parallel parsing, semantic representation, ill-formed input, discourse, and tools for linguistic knowledge acquisition, and to integrate software components from BBN and elsewhere to produce Janus, DARPA's New Generation Natural Language Interface, and to demonstrate state-of-theart n...