Is the intergeneration educational link due to nature or nurture? In order to separate the nature (genetic) and nurture (education) effects, researchers have relied on situations where two individuals are specifically affected by one or the other effects but not both; typically comparing twins’ offspring or natural and adopted children. These studies estimate that maternal schooling has no effe...

Intergenerational Occupational Mobility in India In this paper, we examine the intergenerational occupational mobility in India among men born during 1945-85. Following Long and Ferrie (2013, American Economic Review), we not only distinguish between prevalence and association, but also use the Altham Statistics – which involves comparison of all possible odds ratios, for example, the odds that...

We show how labour market restrictions, such as firing costs, and bail-outs may arise as useful institutions to support investment in specific human capital. The specificity of human capital is determined endogenously. While specific human capital is more productive than the general human capital, it cannot be reallocated across industries. Accordingly, the optimal fraction of individuals with ...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES AmpC beta-lactamases are Group I cephalosporinases that confer resistance to a wide variety of beta-lactam drugs. Plasmid mediated AmpC beta-lactamases has been discovered most frequently in isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, K. oxytoca, Salmonella, Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli. The present study was undertaken to study the occurrence of multidrug resistant and...

We show that the neighborhoods in which children grow up shape their earnings, college attendance rates, and fertility and marriage patterns by studying more than seven million families who move across commuting zones and counties in the U.S. Exploiting variation in the age of children when families move, we find that neighborhoods have significant childhood exposure effects: the outcomes of ch...

In this paper we use a multidimensional framework to characterise child poverty in the UK. We examine the interdependencies amongst the di¤erent dimensions of multidimensional poverty, and the relationship of multidimensional poverty with income poverty. We also explore the links between multidimensional poverty, income poverty, and children’s cognitive and non-cognitive development. Our …nding...

Relatively little is known about the youth labour market in Mongolia. This report addresses the issue by taking advantage of a recent ad hoc School To Work Survey (STWS) on young people aged 15-29 years carried out in 2006 by the National Statistical Office of Mongolia (NSO) with the International Labour Office’s (ILO) financial and technical assistance. Chapter 1 studies the macroeconomic cond...

Both insulin resistance and insulin concentrations correlate with blood pressure in nondiabetic subjects, but there is no consensus on these relations in subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes, perhaps because of the use of nonspecific insulin assays and clinic blood pressure measurement. Therefore, we have investigated the relation between ambulatory blood pressure, insulin sensitivity (...

This paper presents a dynamic model of structural unemployment and occupational choice in which an economy is subjected to aggregate reallocation shocks. Reallocation shocks, which change the relative labour productivity across occupations, drive variation in the distribution of workers across occupations. The wage paid to workers in a given occupation depends on its labour productivity and the...

Lower and Upper Bounds of Unfair Inequality: Theory and Evidence for Germany and the US Previous estimates of unfair inequality of opportunity (IOp) are only lower bounds because of the unobservability of the full set of endowed circumstances beyond the sphere of individual responsibility. In this paper, we suggest a new estimator based on a fixed effects panel model which additionally allows i...