Most of the studies regarding the determination of executive compensation are based on developed countries and mainly focused on CEO compensation. Determination of board compensation is relatively ignored in the literature. This paper examines the effect of corporate governance, firm performance and corporate diversification on board as well as CEO compensation and its components in the context...

Using data from the 2010 China Family Panel Studies, this study investigates the association between commute time and subjective well-being in a sample of 16to 65-year-old employees in urban China. We find evidence that a longer commute time is associated with lower levels of both life satisfaction and happiness, especially when the commute times are extreme (≥ 1 hour per day). A multiple media...

This paper extends the investigation of the effect of managerial motives on hedging policy. I utilize a proxy variable that incorporates CEO incentives to increase risk relative to incentives to increase stock price. The variable is directly measured using observed characteristics of CEO portfolios of stock and option holdings. Furthermore, CEO risk-taking incentives are modeled as a choice var...

the minimum wage determination is one of the most significant economic issues exerting effects on macroeconomic variables. this study provides an empirical model using var method to analyze the long run relationships and short run dynamisms of factors affect general price level (with emphasis on minimum wage) during the period of 1978-2010. to examine long run relationships we used johansen-jus...

Social comparison has potentially far reaching consequences in many economic domains. We conducted a field experiment to examine how social comparison affects workers’ effort provision if their own wage or that of a co-worker is cut. Workers were assigned to groups of two, performed identical individual tasks, and received the same performance-independent hourly wage. Cutting both group members...

Self-Selection and the Efficiency of Tournaments When exogenously imposed, rank-order tournaments have incentive properties but their overall efficiency is reduced by a high variance in performance (Bull, Schotter, and Weigelt 1987). However, since the efficiency of performance-related pay is attributable both to its incentive effect and to its selection effect among employees (Lazear, 2000), i...

We exploit a historical setting that offers an unusually clean test of the relationship between asset ownership and management incentives: captain-ownership of vessels engaged in transatlantic shipping during the 18th century. Although contingent compensation aligned incentives between captains and shipowners regarding most events, there existed one hazard that could not easily be managed by co...

We simultaneously analyze two mechanisms of the managerial labor market (CEO turnover and remuneration schemes) in two different regulatory regimes, namely before and after the sweeping governance reforms adopted in the UK in the 1990s. We employ sample selection models to examine firms in a pre-Cadbury Code period (1988-1993) and a post-Combined Code period (1998-2004). CEOs’ compensation and ...

Performance-based pay is an important instrument to align the interests of managers with the interests of shareholders. However, recent evidence suggests that high-powered incentives also provide managers with incentives to manipulate the firm's reported earnings. The previous literature has focused primarily on Chief Executive Officers, but managers further down in the firm hierarchy—division ...