1Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan 2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel Institute for Biotechnology & Virology Research, Drexel University College of Medicine, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA 3Department of Hematology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sci...

The sodium pump Na,K-ATPase, located in the plasma membrane of all animal cells, is a member of a family of ion-translocating ATPases that share highly homologous catalytic subunits. In this family, only Na,K-ATPase has been established to be a heterodimer of catalytic (a) and glycoprotein (/3) subunits. The /3 subunit has not been associated with the pump’s transport or enzymatic activity, and...

In these five decades after Gordon Moore propounded Moore’s Law in 1965 [1], the semiconductor industry has been continuously growing in accordance with his expectations, and we are now facing sub-10-nm feature size transistors. Thanks to the immense intelligence devoted to pushing this exponential technology scaling, the transistor count on a single microprocessor chip almost doubles every 2 y...

In this course, I talk about the source of mathematical constructivism and its role in the future development of theoretical physics. I describe what physical construc-tivism is and why it is necessary for the penetration of exact methods of theoretical physics to the area of complex systems, which formally belong to the others natural disciplines. I describe the concrete heuristic for the crea...

Layer 3 switching is a subject vehemently discussed in the networking community. In addition to a number of manufacturer-specific approaches, Multi-Protocol Over ATM (MPOA) and Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) are the most important examples of this technology. MPOA [1,2] was released in 1997 by the ATM Forum; MPLS [3,4] is a collection of IETF Internet drafts. This paper presents the conce...

Xylariaceous fungi are typically saprobes, but are also commonly isolated as endophytes and some species are pathogens. Two species of Lopadostoma (Xylariaceae, Xylariales) are reported for the first time from Iran. L. dryophilum was found from dead branches of Quercus sp. in East Azerbaiejan and L. fagi from dead branches of Fagus sp. in Ardabil province. Based on morphology and sequence data ...