Searching for good bids in a utility space based on multiple, dependent issues in general is intractable. Tractable algorithms do exist for independent issue sets, so one idea is to eliminate the dependencies by approximating the more complex utility space with issue dependencies. It has been shown that an approximation may give reasonable results when some structural features of the negotiatio...

The phenomenon of zero resistance at low cryogenic temperatures was discovered in 1911 by Prof. H. K. Onnes in the Netherlands in the course of studying the low-temperature properties of metals. He tried and failed to make an electromagnet of lead wire, and it was not until 1961 that the method to make superconducting materials for successful high-field magnets was discovered. Meanwhile, in 193...

Many educators today have been unpretentious about regarding mainstream thought as the supreme channel through which knowledge is disseminated. This may be the product of minds that appreciate the mainstream’s intellectual contribution, positively or otherwise, to humanity. However, the growing cultural diversity of the United States makes it incumbent on educators to have a better understandin...

supplement issue

The main aim of this study is to develop part-of-speech tagger for Afaan Oromo language. After reviewing literatures on Afaan Oromo grammars and identifying tagset and word categories, the study adopted Hidden Markov Model (HMM) approach and has implemented unigram and bigram models of Viterbi algorithm. Unigram model is used to understand word ambiguity in the language, while bigram model is u...

This issue of Proceedings of the IEEE is the first of two special issues that will provide an in-depth treatment of the subject of reconfigurable systems as enabled through advancements in the electrical engineering field, as well as the approaches we use to manage complexity in systems having millions of fixed and programmable elements. It is our view that the frenetic evolution of the field p...