An experiment that incorporates the deuterium isotope effect into the ‘‘hole trapping and electron filling’’ scenario in silicon metal–oxide–semiconductor ~MOS! devices is presented. It is suggested that Lai’s physical model is only partially true in order to explain all of the observed MOS device degradation phenomena. The isotope effect is exclusively due to hot electrons, not hot holes. Hole...

Fibers are often found at crime scenes and current methods can determine the chemical composition and color of the fiber as well as physical characteristics. Unless the fiber contains DNA, there is no way to compare a fiber found at a crime scene with fibers found in a suspect’s possession. This study aims to determine if isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) can be used to add an additional l...

Transition metal stable isotope signatures can be useful for tracing both natural and anthropogenic signals in the environment, but only if the mechanisms responsible for fractionation are understood. To investigate isotope fractionations due to electrochemistry (or redox processes), we examine the stable isotope behavior of iron and zinc during the reduction reaction M2þ aqueous + 2e = Mmetal ...

Measurements are reported on the kinetics of the lysozyme-catalysed hydrolysis of several beta-aryl di-N-acetylchitobiosides, some of which have been synthesized for the first time. The catalytic rate constants (k(cat.)) at 45 degrees yield a curved Hammett plot (concave up) and the plot of DeltaH(double dagger) versus DeltaS(double dagger) has a sharp break. Substrates with electron-withdrawin...

Site and isotope effects on the molecular hydrogen elimination from ethylene have been studied from the photodissociation of ethylene at 157 nm excitation. Experimental results show that there are three different types of molecular elimination processes: 1,1 elimination, 1,2-cis elimination, and 1,2-trans elimination. These elimination processes show significantly different translational energy...