Kelly, Poet & Chesner (1952) have investigated the metabolic fate of isoniazid (pyridine-4-carboxyhydrazide)' in dogs. After the oral administration of isoniazid (5 and 20 mg./kg. body weight), 20-50% of the drug was excreted unchanged in the first and 1-5% in the second 24 hr. isoNicotinic acid was isolated and identified as a major metabolite, 20-40% ofthe dose being excreted in this form. Th...

A direct relationship was established between the rate of uptake of isoniazid and the action of this drug on in vivo mycolic acid synthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra. The rate of uptake of isoniazid increased linearly with its external concentration and appeared to reach a maximal value of 52 pmoles per hr per 10(9) cells at an external concentration of about 13 mum. Correspondingly, ...

It is estimated that one third of the global population is infected with MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS. Treatment of M. TUBERCULOSIS infection is an important strategy for tuberculosis elimination, but the effectiveness of this strategy is limited by poor adherence to therapy, which is due at least in part to the long duration of treatment. A 9-month course of isoniazid is the currently preferred ...

1. A solvent system was devised for the extraction of isoniazid and its metabolites acetylisoniazid, monoacetylhydrazine, diacetylhydrazine, isonicotinic acid and isonicotinylglycine from serum and urine. 2. Specific chemical and fluorimetric methods were developed for the determination of the extracted isoniazid and acetylisoniazid, and chemical methods for the determination of monoacetylhydra...

OBJECTIVES Concomitant food intake influences pharmacokinetics of first-line anti-TB drugs in healthy volunteers. However, in treatment-naive TB patients who are starting with drug treatment, data on the influence of food intake on the pharmacokinetics are absent. This study aimed to quantify the influence of food on the pharmacokinetics of isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide in ...

BACKGROUND Rifampin and pyrazinamide are recommended for treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in adults without HIV infection, but reports of severe hepatotoxicity have raised concerns about its safety. Clinical trials have not compared this treatment with isoniazid in adults without HIV infection. OBJECTIVE To compare the safety and tolerance of a 2-month regimen of rifampin and pyrazi...

The present study investigated the prevalence and diagnostic potential of the most commonly reported mutations associated with isoniazid resistance, katG 315Thr, katG 315Asn, inhA -15T, inhA -8A, and the oxyR-ahpC intergenic region, in a population sample of 202 isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates and 176 randomly selected fully sensitive isolates from England and Wales iden...

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of death in endemic countries and is 20 to 70 times more common in renal transplant recipients, where it contributes to both increased morbidity and mortality. This review will focus on the epidemiology of TB in renal transplant recipients and critically appraise the published literature on isoniazid prophylaxis in renal transplantation. ME...

8oNicotinic acid hydrazide (isoniazid) has antituberculous activity both in vivo and in vitro (Fox, 1951). In man its principal toxic effect, peripheral neuritis (Biehl & Vilter, 1954; Oestreicher, Dressler & Middlebrook, 1954), can be prevented by the concurrent administration of vitamin B. (pyridoxine) (Biehl & Vilter, 1954; Biehl & Nimitz, 1954). It is of interest to discover whether the spe...

background and objectives: the aim of this study was to investigate the significance of multiple-mutations in the katg gene, predominant nucleotide changes and its correlation with high level of resistance to isoniazid in mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates that were randomly collected from sputa of 42 patients with primary and secondary active pulmonary tuberculosis from different geographic r...