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Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are tumor cells that have detached from primary tumor site and are transported via the circulation system. The importance of CTCs as prognostic biomarker is leveraged when multiple studies found that patient with cutoff of 5 CTCs per 7.5 mL blood has poor survival rate. Despite its clinical relevance, the isolation and characterization of CTCs can be quite challen...

A 64-year-old woman underwent radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation. After pulmonary vein (PV) isolation, she converted into sinus rhythm. However, irregular PV tachycardia “trapped” in the right and left superior pulmonary vein (RSPV/LSPV) sustained. Fifteen minutes after RSPV isolation, the RSPV tachycardia terminated. However, sustained LSPV tachycardia was still present after one h...