this article is an attempt to study two historical junctures in the history of iran: from the qajar era to the mashrooteh movement; and from the pahlavi era to the islamic revolution. the two junctures have been studied from different perspectives; however, this article concentrates only on how political legitimacy emerged and diminished in the the above-mentioned revolutions. the basic questio...

due to the position of turkey in the middle east and their impact on regional developments in the middle east, this country since the rise of the akp is trying to positionmore important than to paint for yourself.turkey with regard to the heirs of the last islamic empire , attempted to revive the islamic world during its preservation. in this regard, the turkish model in recent years with polit...

The majority of the world’s Muslim population follows the Sunni branch of Islam, and approximately 10-15% of all Muslims follow the Shiite (Shi‘ite, Shi‘a, Shia) branch. Shiite populations constitute a majority in Iran, Iraq, Bahrain, and Azerbaijan. There are also significant Shiite populations in Afghanistan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Yemen. Sunnis and Shiites share ...

Alireza Poorebrahimi Department of Information Technology Management, Islamic Azad University, Science & Research Branch of Tehran, Iran Email: [email protected] Firouzeh Razavi Department of Information Technology Management, Islamic Azad University, Science & Research Branch of Tehran, Iran Email: [email protected] Fatemeh SoleimaniRoozbahani Razavi Department of Information Techno...

At least from the nineteenth century onward, certain observers have viewed Islam as a religion that discourages entrepreneurship by fostering fatalism, conform-ism, and conservatism. 1 Leading Muslim reformers of the nineteenth century, including Jamal al-Din al-Afghani (1839–97), believed that this view confuses a perverted form of Islam, which counsels passive resignation to events, with auth...

Authority zones in the Domain Name System must be declared to have one or more authoritative name servers, usually consisting of one primary name server and several secondary name servers. These name servers are expected to synchronize zone data using DNS’s zone transfer protocols, but the configuration of these synchronization relationships depends upon out of band information and manual proce...

Islamic banking is considered as alternative to conventional banking. It focuses on profit/loss and risk sharing, than interest based deposit/lending followed in conventional banking. Conventional Banking cherishes a long history while Islamic banking gained importance in last few decades. The study review and compare performance of conventional banks and Islamic banks operating in GCC region d...

In this paper we estimate a time-series model of the financial asset portfolio shares in Egypt, distinguishing between assets of varying degrees of liquidity and between domestic currency and foreign currency deposits. While financial liberalization and financial stability are found to have encouraged domestic residents to increase the share of their portfolio composed of domestic currency asse...

Article history: Received 21 April 2008 Received in revised form 13 May 2009 Accepted 14 May 2009 Available online 27 May 2009 This paper assumes that the decision makers of OPEC (or at least of its core members) are interested in both profits and political payoffs (support, popularity, being a hero of the Arab or Islamic street, etc.). The oil weapon, i.e. a reduction of output is the most pow...