In Islam, the person with somatic sex ambiguity due to a disorder of sex development (DSD), such as 46,XX congenital adrenal hyperplasia or 46,XY androgen insensitivity, is recognized as khunsa. Two types of khunsa are distinguished: wadhih (discernible) and musykil (intractable). A recent fatwa (religious edict) in Malaysia decreed that it is permissible for male-assigned patients from these t...

Zoroastrian menstrual purity laws served as one of the most salient markers socio-religious distinction during tumultuous early centuries Islamic rule in Iranian world. This article surveys polemics – particularly by Muʿtazilah—directed against these strictures on bodily and reads them intertextually, it were, conjunction with Pahlavi apologetic texts that defend sanctity millennia-old practice...

all schools of islamic jurisprudence regard abortion as wrong and forbidden and allow abortion only before the stage of ensoulment, if the continuation of pregnancy would endanger the mother's life or put her into intolerable difficulties. in this article we describe and assess the viewpoint of shiite jurisprudence toward abortion. using a selected collection of related references, and discussi...

this article seeks to reveal the theoretical basics of islabmic fundamentalism. precedence of religion over reason in epistemology, emphasize on human being duties in anthropology, government on the base of jurisprudence in political approach, and criticizing the western civilization, are the theoretical indicators of islamic fundamentalism. the devotees of islam (fada'iyan-e islam) as an ...

with regard to the islamic ban on usury, muslim governments and companies that intend to raise funds have to utilize financial instruments which, besides having economic and financial justification, need to be consistent with the principles and provisions of the jurisprudence. meanwhile, given the different motivations and interests of investors, diversity in financial instruments is a fundamen...

essay on jurisprudence and possible effects of the condition of the dowry *akram sayad **maryam aqai bejestani abstract dowry or mahr one of the financial effects of marriage that couples are required to pay it. high dowry payments and the subsequent imprisonment of many problems facing society and the families of the couple. one of the ways to avoid the dowries of the organization for registra...