BACKGROUND The long-term downward national U.S. trend in heart disease-related mortality slowed substantially during 2011-2014 before turning upward in 2015. Examining mortality trends in the major subgroups of heart disease may provide insight into potentially more targeted and effective prevention and treatment approaches to promote favorable trajectories. We examined national trends between ...

The heart is the vital organ that tirelessly pumps oxygenated blood from the lungs to the organs and peripheral tissues via the circulatory system. In return, deoxygenated blood is returned via the heart and the pulmonary circulation to the lungs to expel waste carbon dioxide (figure 1). The average human heart beats approximately 72 beats per minute totalling around 2.5 billion beats in a 66-y...

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) encompasses several diseases: atherosclerotic CVD (including coronary heart disease [CHD], peripheral arterial disease [PAD], and ischemic stroke), hemorrhagic stroke, congestive heart failure, hypertension, rheumatic heart disease, and congenital heart defects. This article will focus on reviewing the evidence relating periodontal disease and CVD arising from ather...

Nowadays, Coronary Diseases (CDs) represent the main mortality cause in men and women, but there are gender differences regarding their presentation, progression and the way the disease is tackled. This study mainly focuses on reviewing literature about the CD and its gender approach. The authors carried out a search of texts that use qualitative methodology, published between 2003 and 2009 in ...

After at least 2 decades of growing awareness on coronary heart disease in women, we are left with many questions, few answers, and plenty of opinions. Review articles, books, sessions at scientific meetings, and commentaries regarding various aspects of heart disease in women have proliferated. These reports have highlighted important sex differences in the pathophysiology, presentation, and t...

IN THE United States hypertension is frequently associated with overt heart disease, especially congestive failure and myocardial infaretion. In Japan, however, hypertensive subjects seldom manifest such cardiac complications. This striking difference in the course of hypertension raises several questions of epidemiologic interest, not the least of which is whether or not overt heart disease is...

Ischemic heart disease is a major cause of death and morbidity and the search for novel therapeutic targets is still required. We have previously shown that the enzyme arachidonate 15 lipoxygenase (ALOX15), which catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to 15-hydroxy eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE), is highly expressed in ischemic heart tissue, but its role in the pathogenesis of ischemic h...

Thomas Kuhn’s landmark book, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, postulated that scientific progress proceeds linearly until the accumulation of a sufficient weight of evidence that the current paradigm is unable to accommodate forces the reexamination of underlying assumptions, and a new paradigm must be established (1). Viewed through this framework, stunning advances of past decades in ...

Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) remain at high risk for long-term neurodevelopmental disabilities. Acute neurologic complications, such as seizures, transient ischemic attack, intracranial hemorrhage, and stroke may occur in the setting of cardiac surgery catheterization.