If a contact of two purely elastic bodies with no sliding (infinite coefficient of friction) is subjected to superimposed oscillations in the normal and tangential directions, then a specific damping appears, that is not dependent on friction or dissipation in the material. We call this effect "relaxation damping". The rate of energy dissipation due to relaxation damping is calculated in a clos...

Understanding the collisional outcomes of dust aggregates and dependence on material properties constituting particles is great importance toward understanding planet formation. Recent numerical simulations have revealed that interparticle tangential friction plays a crucial role in energy dissipation during collisions between porous aggregates; however, growth remains poorly understood. Here w...

Eddy current distribution is important to the performance of planar eddy probes. In this paper, Jensen-Shannon divergences tangential intersection angle spectrum and radial direction energy were proposed evaluate difference between distributions generated by circular fractal Koch excitation coils. By simulation for shape coils, it works out that two kinds coils becomes larger with an increase i...

The purpose of the present study was to compare a new internal mammary irradiation technique with traditional techniques for locally advanced breast cancers in terms of sparing ipsilateral lung and heart and reducing the "cold" and "hot spots"in breast tissue. The new technique uses wide tangential fields for the first eight fractions of treatment. A medial internal mammary field (IMF) of elect...

Image-guided position verification in breast radiotherapy is accurately performed with kilovoltage cone beam CT (kV-CBCT). The technique is, however, time-consuming and there is a risk for patient collision. Online position verification performed with orthogonal-angled mixed modality paired imaging is less time-consuming at the expense of inferior accuracy compared to kV-CBCT. We therefore inve...

In the table contact phase of gymnastics vaulting both dynamic and static friction act. The purpose of this study was to develop a method of simulating Coulomb friction that incorporated both dynamic and static phases and to compare the results with those obtained using a pseudo-Coulomb implementation of friction when applied to the table contact phase of gymnastics vaulting. Kinematic data wer...

The ability of magnetoencephalography (MEG) to accurately localize neuronal currents and obtain tangential components of the source is largely due to MEG's insensitivity to the conductivity profile of the head tissues. However, MEG cannot reliably detect the radial component of the neuronal current. In contrast, the localization accuracy of electroencephalography (EEG) is not as good as MEG, bu...

When grasping and manipulating objects, the central controller utilizes the mechanical advantage of the normal forces of the fingers for torque production. Whether the same is valid for tangential forces is unknown. The main purpose of this study was to determine the patterns of finger tangential forces and the use of mechanical advantage as a control mechanism when dealing with objects of nonu...

Received, October 28, 2004. Accepted, March 9, 2005. THE FAR-LATERAL APPROACH is an extension of the standard suboccipital approach, designed to maximize exposure of the lateroventral craniocervical junction. Following a basic principle of cranial base surgery, the angle of view is increased by bone removal. Bone removal involves the most lateral part of the inferior occipital squama and the po...

Measuring the angles of muons and electrons in air showers is proposed as a method for studying the primary cosmic-ray mass composition near the knee of the cosmic-ray energy spectrum at a few 10 eV. Conventional tracking detectors at existing air shower arrays could serve this purpose, like the CRT detectors at the HEGRA array. When the average radial muon angles are examined as a function of ...