Irrigation application in cotton crops is traditionally discharged at a constant rate for an entire field. However, not all plants in a crop may require the same amount of water due to the stochastic nature of the crop response and the spatial variability of environmental factors within the field. Control strategies are required to effectively manage spatially and temporally varied irrigation a...

BACKGROUND/AIM Povidone-iodine (PI, Betadine) is routinely used as a preoperative topical antiseptic in cataract surgery as it has been shown to reduce the incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis. However, the concentration used clinically is variable. In vitro studies have shown that PI is paradoxically more effective at lower concentration. This study was undertaken to determine if this ef...

This paper presents the results of a collaborative work with farmers and a cost-benefit analysis of geospatial technologies applied to irrigation water management in a semi-arid agricultural area in Lower Austria. We use Earth observation (EO) data to estimate crop evapotranspiration (ET) and webGIS technologies to deliver maps and irrigation advice to farmers. The study reports the technical a...

The primary purpose of irrigation is to nonspecifically reduce the bacteria and their by-products that lead to the initiation or progression of periodontal diseases. Supragingival irrigation allows for the disruption and dilution of marginal bacteria and their by-products which helps to prevent or treat gingivitis. Subgingival irrigation interferes with the complex ecosystem required for the in...

In this work, applications of the coupled solid set sprinkler irrigation and crop model AdorSim introduced in the companion paper are presented. The sprinkler irrigation model is based on ballistic theory, while the crop model is based on CropWat. AdorSim was used to evaluate the effect of sprinkler spacing on seasonal irrigation water use (WU) and crop yield. The most relevant results were rel...

Furrow irrigation detaches and transports soil particles and subsequently nutrients such as phosphorus (P). To reduce the risk of erosion and offsite P movement, producers can convert from furrow to sprinkler irrigation. We completed research on soil P dynamics in furrow versus sprinkler irrigated soils from four paired fields in south central Idaho. Surface soils (0-2.5 inches) were obtained f...

This paper considers the set-point optimisation problem under plant-model mismatch. Three iterative optimisation strategies, the two-step method, the integrated system optimisation and parameter estimation (ISOPE) method and the gradientmodification optimisation method are compared for a nonlinear chromatographic separation process using different structurally mismatched models as nominal proce...

This article takes issue with Stephen Lansing's bottom-up model of Balinese irrigation management. Based on archival research and extensive fieldwork in the former south Balinese kingdom of Mengwi, it is argued that in pre-colonial days large scale irrigation depended largely on dynastic involvement. During the colonial period (1906-1942) the Dutch took over the role of regional irrigation mana...

BACKGROUND Surgical site infections (SSIs) are wound infections that occur after an operative procedure. A preventable complication, they are costly and associated with poorer patient outcomes, increased mortality, morbidity and reoperation rates. Surgical wound irrigation is an intraoperative technique, which may reduce the rate of SSIs through removal of dead or damaged tissue, metabolic wast...

With reduced water resources available for agriculture, scientists and engineers have developed innovative technologies and management strategies aimed at increasing efficient use of irrigation water. The objective of this research was to study the impact of deficit irrigation strategies on sorghum grain attributes and bioethanol production. Grain sorghumwas planted at Southwest Research-Extens...