During past decades, the number of dentists has continuously increased in Iran. Beside the quantity, the distribution of dentists affects the oral health status of population. The current study aimed to assess the pure and social disparities in distribution of dentists across the provinces in Iran in 2009. Data on provinces' characteristics, including population and social situation, were obtai...

OBJECTIVE To measure the socioeconomic inequality in infant mortality in Iran (the Islamic Republic of Iran). METHODS We analysed data from the provincially representative Demographic and Health Survey, which was done in Iran in 2000. We used a dichotomous hierarchical ordered probit model to develop an indicator of socioeconomic status of households. We assessed the inequality in infant mort...

In this paper we study the mechanics of “leading by example” in teams. Leadership is beneficial for the entire team when agents are conformists, i.e., dislike effort differentials. We also show how leadership can arise endogenously and discuss what type of leader benefits a team most. JEL codes: C72; D23; D63; J31; L23.

This paper evaluates an intervention in India that engaged adolescent girls and boys classroom discussions about gender equality for two years, aiming to reduce their support societal norms restrict women's girls' opportunities. Using a randomized controlled trial, we find the program made attitudes more supportive of by 0.18 standard deviations, or, equivalently, converted 16 percent regressiv...

To determine the most prevalent biovar responsible for brucellosis in sheep and goat populations of Iran, a cross-sectional study was carried out over 2 years in six provinces selected based on geography and disease prevalence. Specimens obtained from referred aborted sheep and goat fetuses were cultured on Brucella selective media for microbiological isolation. Brucellae were isolated from 265...

We analyze the implications of several principles related to the concept of equal (and prioritarian) entitlement to continued life. These principles, when modeled as axioms for the evaluation of health distributions, and combined with some other structural axioms, provide several characterization results of focal population health evaluation functions. JEL numbers: D63, I10.

We study minimum cost spanning tree problems and de…ne a cost sharing rule that satis…es many more properties than other rules in the literature. Furthermore, we provide an axiomatic characterization based on monotonicity properties. Keywords: Spanning tree. Cost allocation. Monotonicity. JEL Classi…cation Numbers: C71, D63, D7.

This paper discusses inequality orderings based explicitly on closing up of income gaps, demonstrating the links between these and other orderings, the classes of functions preserving the orderings and applications showing their usefulness in comparison of economic policies. JEL: D31, D63

BACKGROUND Health workforce distribution is so important in access posture, coverage and equity. Following millennium development goals (MDGs), special attention to health workforces in relation with maternal and child health is required. OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study was to determine distribution of maternal and child health related workforces in Iran during 2010-2012, using inequal...

BACKGROUND Little is known about HEV seroprevalence and its determinants in Iran. Considering the fact that Iran is among the countries in which HEV infection is endemic, a large-scale population-based study in this regard is justified. METHODS This survey was conducted in 2006 in Tehran and Golestan Provinces, Iran. Stored sera of subjects were tested for serological markers of anti-HEV. The b...